The electrical impedance diagnostic methods and instrumentation developed at the Gdansk and Warsaw Universities of Technology are described. On the basis of knowledge of their features, several original approaches to the broad field of electrical impedance applications are discussed. Analysis of electrical field distribution after external excitation, including electrode impedance, is of primary importance for measurement accuracy and determining the properties of the structures tested.

Firstly, the problem of electrical tissue properties is discussed. Particular cells are specified for in vitro and in vivo measurements and for impedance spectrometry. Of especial importance are the findings concerning the electrical properties of breast cancer, muscle anisotropy and the properties of heart tissue and flowing blood. The applications are both important and wide-ranging but, for the present, special attention has been focused on the evaluation of cardiosurgical interventions.

Secondly, methods of instrument construction are presented which use an electrical change in conductance, such as impedance pletysmography and cardiography, for the examination of total systemic blood flow. A new method for the study of right pulmonary artery blood flow is also introduced. The basic applications cover examination of the mechanical activity of the heart and evaluation of many haemodynamic parameters related to this. Understanding the features that occur during blood flow is of major importance for the proper interpretation of measurement data.

Thirdly, the development of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is traced for the purposes of determining the internal structure of organs within the broad field of 2-D and 3-D analysis and including modelling of the organs being tested, the development of reconstruction algorithms and the construction of hardware.

Nauczanie o judaizmie we współczesnej katechezie młodzieży szkół ponadgimnazjalnych spełnia ważną rolę w dialogu chrześcijańsko-żydowskim. Pozwala katechizowanym zauważyć i zrozumieć wspólne korzenie chrześcijan i wyznawców religii Mojżeszowej. Przyczynia się do zmiany sposobu postrzegania mniejszości żydowskiej oraz okazywania jej szacunku i zrozumienia. Uzupełnia i integruje działania edukacyjne szkoły związane z edukacją o historii i tradycji Żydów. Stąd też nieuzasadnione wydaje się jedynie sporadyczne odwołanie do tej problematyki w dokumentach programowych katechezy młodzieży szkół ponadgimnazjalnych oraz w zgodnych z nimi seriach podręczników krakowskich i poznańskich. Braki te w przyszłości wymagają uzupełnienia. Warte uwagi i znaczące dla dialogu chrześcijańsko-żydowskiego są materiały Lekcja religii wydane przez Wydawnictwo Święty Wojciech przy współpracy z telewizją Religia.tv. W swych podstawowych założeniach mają one spełniać rolę środka dydaktycznego wspomagającego katechetów w przekazywaniu wiedzy o judaizmie oraz w kształtowaniu postawy dialogu i tolerancji. Ich skuteczność edukacyjną należałoby zweryfikować za pomocą badań empirycznych.

The article presents modelling using artificial neural networks (ANN) of the phenomenon of creep of comply polymer SIKA PS which can be used in various applications in civil engineering. Data for modelling was gathered in compressive experiments conveyed under a set of fixed conditions of compressive stress and temperature. Part of the datawas pre-processed by smoothing and rediscretisation and served as inputs and targets for network training and part of the data was left raw as control set for verification of prognosing capability. Assumed neural network architectures were one- and two-layer feedforward networks with Bayesian regularisation as a learning method. Altogether 55 networks with 8 to 12 neurons in varying structural configurations were trained. Fitting and prognosing verification was performed using mean absolute relative error as a measure; also, results were plotted and assessed visually. In result, the research allowed for formulation of a new rheological model for comply polymer SIKA PS in time, stress and temperature field domain with fitting quality of mean absolute relative error 1.3% and prognosis quality of mean absolute relative error 8.73%. The model was formulated with the use of a two-layer network with 5+5 neurons.

This article focuses on two early medieval imitative coins found in Bohemia (one in the vicinity of Hradec Králové / Königgrätz in 1931; the other in Prague–Klánovice in 2016). The coins were probably struck in 1010–1015, and on the obverse imitate the Saxon denarii of the Otto-Adelheid type with the letters O-D-D-O in the arms of the cross. On the reverse, there is a church with the letters •VIDV, imitating Bavarian or Bohemian denarii from the second half of the 10th century. The location of most of the finds of these denarii in central Europe, including both coins found in Bohemia, indicates their Polish origin. Nevertheless, their issuer remains uncertain.