To explore the influence of surface energy on the contamination characteristics of insulators, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the contamination characteristics of XWP ₂-160 insulators under wind tunnel conditions, and the rationality of the modified expression of the dynamic deposition model of the contaminated particles was verified. The change of contamination characteristics before and after changing the surface energy of insulators under natural conditions was simulated and analyzed. The results show that under the original surface energy (72 mJ/m ²) and low surface energy (6.7 mJ/m ²) with the increase in particle size, the contamination amount of an insulator surface area decreases first and then increases. When the wind speed is 2 m/s, the change in the particle size has the most pronounced effect on the amount of contamination. The amounts of contamination for the low surface energy are 64–75%, 60–95%, 55–91% and 54–78% lower than those for the original surface energy for particle sizes of 10, 15, 20 and 25 μm, respectively. For the same wind speed, when the size of contamination particles increases, the difference between the ratio of DC and AC contamination accumulation is gradually increasing because of the influence of the electric field force. From the perspective of the insulator preparation process, the development of low surface energy insulators can improve their anti-fouling performance.

The article takes on a subject likely to become a heart of a spirited national debate. The localization of the nuclear power plant on the Baltic Sea coast necessitates taking into account the following documents: the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the 1992 Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea, the 1992 Espoo Con-vention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, the 1998 Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters.

The critical body whose opinion should be taken into account with respect to localization and construction of the nuclear power plant is the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM).