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Abstract

Great economic losses to the dairy industry are associated with bovine mastitis, which results in poor milk quality and high treatment costs. Anti-inflammatory proteins play an important role in the suppression of the immune response against invading pathogenic microorganisms and are therefore being studied for possible use in the early diagnosis of mastitis. In our study, we used milk samples from 15 cows of Holstein Friesian breed with different health status (5 healthy, 5 subclinical, and 5 clinical animals), and tested them using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to evaluate the presence of IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β1, βDEF-2, DEF-3, and Cathelicidin LL37 proteins. The calculation of positively and negatively stained cells for each biomarker was performed using the semiquantitative counting method. We found the presence of all factors with the exception of Cathelicidin LL37, which was almost absent in milk samples of all animal groups. The significant decrease of IL-10, β-def2, and β-def3 expression levels within the 3 days of sampling, found in the milk of animals with sub- and clinical mastitis, indicates the loss of antiinflammatory protection of the affected cow’s udder. In contrast, the stable increase of IL-2 and TGF-β1 positive cells observed in the milk of mastitis-affected cows, and the similar expression of these factors in the milk of healthy animals, indicate the possible lack of involvement of these cytokines at an early stage of udder inflammation.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

K. Šerstņova
1
M. Pilmane
1
Z. Vitenberga-Verza
1
I. Melderis
1
Ł. Gontar
2
M. Kochański
2
A. Drutowska
2
G. Maróti
3 4
B. Prieto-Simón
5 6

  1. The Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, RSU, 9 Kronvalda bulvaris, Riga, Latvia
  2. Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia, Innowacyjna 9/11, 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
  3. Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd., Morahalom, Vallalkozak utja 7, Hungary
  4. Biological Research Center, Plant Biology Institute, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary
  5. Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. de l’Escorxador, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
  6. ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

One of the factors that affects the safety of flight operations is to maintain the airport infrastructure in an appropriate condition, due to importance of proper infrastructure management, including funds and human resources management in particular. Currently applicable methods for determination of surface condition are mainly based on visual assessment of surface deterioration. An innovative approach to assessing the cement concrete airport pavement's technical condition based on the APCI (Airfield Pavement Condition Index) is presented in the article. The method of APCI index determination is based not only on the visual assessment of the airfield pavement's surface condition and the calculation of its deterioration, but also includes parameter of load capacity, evenness, roughness and tensile strength of the surface layer. The presented method can be used as a tool for forecasting the technical condition of cement concrete airfield pavements in the context of planning funds for future maintenance purposes. The impact of considering individual model parameters on the value of APCI index, basing on the results of field tests carried out as part of military airports inspections was presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Iwanowski
Mariusz Wesołowski
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Abstract

Atmospheric gases and chemical impurities can be stored and chemically transformed in the tropospheric ice. Impurities are rejected during freezing of the ice to the grain boundaries, free ice surfaces or inclusions. Surface snow and tropospheric ice, however, may be exposed to high temperatures and, eventually, the gases and chemical impurities can be released into the environment. It is important to study the surface structure and transport mechanisms at temperatures near the melting point because the location of impurities and their interactions with water molecules in the ice are not yet sufficiently explained. In this work, the evolution of a scratch on the bicrystalline ice surface was studied at −5 ℃. The surface transport mechanisms near the melting point were studied and, as a consequence, the surface structure could be determined. An ice sample was kept immersed in ultra-pure silicone oil to prevent evaporation and, thus, isolate the effect of surface diffusion. The ice sample was made with water with chemical conditions similar to the water of polar ice sheets. Photographs of the scratch were taken periodically, for approximately 50 hours, using a photographic camera coupled to an optical microscope. From these images, the evolution of the width of the scratch was studied and the surface diffusion was the dominant transport mechanism in the experiment. Finally, the ice surface self-diffusion coefficient at −5 ℃ was determined and it was very similar to the super-cooled water diffusion coefficient. A liquid-like behavior of ice surfaces near the melting point was found and it could have a strong influence on the reaction rates with atmospheric gases.
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Authors and Affiliations

Guillermo Aguirre Varela
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Carlos L. Di Prinzio
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Damián Stoler
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende and Haya de la Torre, 5000 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
  2. IFEG-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende and Haya de la Torre, 5000 Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Abstract

Architecture seems to be a way of memorizing events, people, customs, thus becoming a storehouse of the past for the future, an element of culture. The architectural tradition has developed a range of forms suitable for a particular function and location. Does modernity pose a threat to their aesthetics? The paper reflects on style in architecture and addresses the sense of its existence in the time of contemporary challenges. It pays special attention to monuments as they describe the history and contemporaneity of architecture. The research may bring an answer to the question of whether contemporary architecture can be monumental, even if it does not express the traditional language of construction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kozłowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Początko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
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Abstract

An approach to power system state estimation using a particle filter has been proposed in the paper. Two problems have been taken into account during research, namely bad measurements data and a network structure modification with rapid changes of the state variables. For each case the modification of the algorithm has been proposed. It has also been observed that anti-zero bias modification has a very positive influence on the obtained results (few orders of magnitude, in comparison to the standard particle filter), and additional calculations are quite symbolic. In the second problem, used modification also improved estimation quality of the state variables. The obtained results have been compared to the extended Kalman filter method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kozierski
Dariusz Horla
Marcin Lis
Adam Owczarkowski
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Abstract

This article brings together two authors/two poems and makes them enter into an intertextual dialogue that involves the discourses of the new materialism (Catherine Malabou), postphenomenology (Natalie Depraz and Marc Richir) and Delphic maxims. Concepts like plasticity, transformation masks, alterations in the passage of time (chronos, kairos, aeon), subjectivity, emotional excess, and the living body are used to establish the foundations a poetic conversation, which, for all one knows, may be fortuitous or in a way preordained.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Misiak

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