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Abstract

The placement of the battery box can have a massive impact on the aerodynamics of an electric vehicle. Although favourable from the viewpoint of vehicle dynamics, an underbody battery box may impair the vehicle aerodynamics. This study aims to quantify the effect of an underbody battery box on the drag force acting on an electric vehicle. Four different variants of the vehicle (original variant, lifted suspension, lifted suspension with an underbody battery box) are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics. The underbody battery box was found to induce flow separation, resulting in a massive increase in drag force. As a solution, a battery box fairing was designed and tested. The fairing significantly reduced the increase in drag. The results of this study could contribute to the design of more stable and aerodynamically efficient electric vehicles.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Bobrowski
1
Krzysztof Sobczak
1

  1. Institute of Turbomachinery, Lodz University of Technology, 217/221 Wolczanska, 93-005 Łódz Poland
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Abstract

The article outlines the issues and challenges faced by Polish sea harbours in the light of European documents on harbour policy and Polish authorities’ plan of action. The author discusses the effects of recent economic slowdown and attitudes of various players, including the harbour users. Despite pessimism associated with valid criticism regarding the harbours’ lost opportunities and failures, the article draws an optimistic prognosis of their development in the light of recent legislative awareness and effects of cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Jaśkiewicz-Kamińska
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Abstract

The subject of the analysis and interpretation of this article consists in philosophy and poetics of photography as a medium of memory in Maria Stepanova’s novel Pamyati Pamyati [In Memory of Memory]. Meanwhile, it is aimed at revealing a unique attitude of the novel’s author towards photography and its derivatives as a medium of memory and yet towards memory itself as a mandatory obligation in its essence for all the generations after the Holocaust. In a given context the notion of postmemory is binding and, hence, a separate part of the article is devoted to it. In view of the centuries-old and universal interest around the phenomenon of memory, mainly in the existential context, at the beginning of the article the emphasis is solely put on several selected aspects of it as articulated by Aristotle, Plato, Saint Augustine, Walter Benjamin and Paul Ricoeur. Respectively, the following terms are addressed by them: memoria, aisthesis, gesture of passage or picture – monument. In the article it has been shown that Stepanova is fascinated by the truth of time, the premonition of the Holocaust. She searched the shadows of the past on the faces and in the events captured in the pre-war film frames in such a way that one can experience his connection with that world, discover himself internally in that structure because, as she claims, her text is the novel about non-memory.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Tarkowska

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