Finite element simulations of structures and structural details require suitable material models. Today there is still a lack of such constitutive material models in timber engineering. Therefore, a perennial research project at the Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures at the Vienna University of Technology was performed. In this paper the testing equipment, the experiments, the developed material model and its implementation in finite element software will be explained. One focus of the mentioned project is the acquisition of the mechanical behaviour of biaxially, oblique to fibre direction loaded spruce wood. This enables a better simulation of multiaxial stress states in real timber structures. The applicability of the implemented constitutive model will be demonstrated by means of a nonlinear finite element analysis of a bone-shaped test specimen.

Chloride ion erosion in offshore environment may damage the mechanical properties of beam bridges. In this study, the reinforced concrete specimen was designed, accelerated erosion experiments were carried out to simulate the coastal corrosion environment, and the corrosion rate, nominal strength and equivalent strength of steel bars, concrete cracks and reliability of beam bridges were calculated to understand the time-varying mechanical properties of beam bridges. The results showed that the nominal and equivalent strength of reinforcing bars decreased with the increase of corrosion rate of reinforcing bars. The change of yield strength was greater than that of equivalent strength. The change of crack width of concrete showed a slow-fast-slow trend, and the reliability of beam bridges decreased significantly in about 50 years. The experimental results show that chloride ion corrosion can significantly damage the mechanical properties of the beam bridge and affect the time-varying reliability of the beam bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out timely maintenance and inspection and take effective methods to control steel corrosion to ensure the safety of the use of the beam bridge.