This paper presents the results of a study on the Polish version of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS), which was designed to measure individual differences in conspiracist thinking (Brotherton, French, & Pickering; 2013). The Polish version of the scale had excellent internal consistency as measured by Cronbach alpha: .93. The Polish version also had excellent test-retest stability. To check the validity of the questionnaire, various tools were used to measure the characteristics that can be correlated with conspiracist thinking. As a result, it was found that conspiracist thinking is positively correlated with the external locus of control, the results obtained in the Scale of Belief in Zero-Sum Game and the results of the MMPI-2 Paranoia scale. It was also found that patients with paranoid personality disorder and paranoid schizophrenia had higher results on the adapted scale than healthy subjects. In sum, the Polish version of GCBS had satisfactory psychometric properties, which makes it useful for measuring conspiracist thinking.

The study investigates the use of speech signal to recognise speakers’ emotional states. The introduction includes the definition and categorization of emotions, including facial expressions, speech and physiological signals. For the purpose of this work, a proprietary resource of emotionally-marked speech recordings was created. The collected recordings come from the media, including live journalistic broadcasts, which show spontaneous emotional reactions to real-time stimuli. For the purpose of signal speech analysis, a specific script was written in Python. Its algorithm includes the parameterization of speech recordings and determination of features correlated with emotional content in speech. After the parametrization process, data clustering was performed to allows for the grouping of feature vectors for speakers into greater collections which imitate specific emotional states. Using the t-Student test for dependent samples, some descriptors were distinguished, which identified significant differences in the values of features between emotional states. Some potential applications for this research were proposed, as well as other development directions for future studies of the topic.

This paper presents an innovative solution for increasing life of lead-acid batteries used in a glider launcher. The study is focused on upgrading a charging system instead of a costly full replacement of it. Based on literature review, the advanced three-stage charging profile was indicated. The new topology of the power converter was proposed and a simulation model was developed. A simulation study was performed which leads to a conclusion that the suggested solution can be successfully applied to the studied device. As a result, the conclusion of this work is the recommendation for modification of the launching system with an additional converter enabling 3 stage charging.

This paper presents a critical review of the literature on selected earth-based construction technologies published between January 2020 and July 2022 and indexed in Scopus. Publications on rammed earth, mudbricks and earth sheltering were reviewed and key research areas were identified, including, but not limited to the performance of unstabilized and stabilized earth partitions, the application of various stabilization materials, including waste, plant fibre and cement, characteristics of heritage earth structures, seismic vulnerability, life cycle analysis (LSA), and hygrothermal properties. It was concluded that a greater overlap between these areas could enhance the state of the art on earth-based technologies. Very little interest in earth shelters was observed, as the literature focused primarily on rammed earth and mudbrick.

Tytułowe kategorie znaczenia, rozumowania i normatywności wyznaczają temat i cel artykułu. Jego celem jest odpowiedź na główne pytanie: czy między znaczeniem i rozumowaniem istnieje jakiś związek? A jeżeli tak, to jeden, czy wiele? Jaki? Jakie? Udzielając pozytywnej odpowiedzi, w punkcie (1) prezentuję definicję rozumowania (wnioskowania), a w punkcie (2) rozróżniam i przedstawiam związki formalne oraz pozaformalne. Związki formalne są opracowywane przez logikę. Nazwy – z określonymi znaczeniami, czyli pojęciami – tworzą zdania (związki wewnątrzzdaniowe). Ich znaczenia to sądy. Zdania pełnią funkcje przesłanek i wniosku w rozumowaniu (związki międzyzdaniowe). Do związków pozaformalnych można zaliczyć: związek między zdaniem a stanem rzeczy, do którego zdanie się odnosi (referencja i łącząca się z nią własność prawdziwości zdania). Inne związki pozaformalne to: związek przyczynowo-skutkowy, związek następstwa czasowego, związek przestrzenny i związki normatywne.