The integration of the internet of things (IoT) and cyber physical network into the battery charging station system is critical to the success and long-term viability of the vehicle to grid (V2G) trend for future automobiles in terms of environmental and energy sustainability. The goal of this article is to create a V2G battery charging station concept using the internet of things (IoT) and a cyber physical network system. The V2G charging station concept was developed with the idea that every charging electric vehicle (EV) can communicate and coordinate with the charging station's control center, which includes a cyber physical system that addresses privacy and security concerns. The communication protocol must also be considered by the charging station. The preliminary test has been taken into consideration. Normal hours (for case one), peak hours (for case two), and valley hours (for case three), respectively, were created as charging circumstances for EVs at charging stations. Simulations were run for each of the three case scenarios. Each EV's battery state of charge (SoC) is provided a 50 percent initial charge and user-defined SoC restrictions. The MATLAB/SIMULINK platform was used to run the case simulations. The grid frequency, charging station output power, and the EV's battery SoC were all observed during the 24- hour simulation. As a result, the developed V2G charging station concept can regulate its input and output power depending on the battery status of the EVs inside the charging station, as well as provide frequency regulation service to the grid while meeting the energy demand of EV customers.

Soluble silica from palm oil clinker was extracted using Laine’s method. It involved two major steps, namely water reflux and distillation. The use of 480 g of POCP and 12 hours of distillation in the extraction experiment resulted in 53.50% of dissolved silica, which was the highest gain among the trial experiments and was chosen as an optimum parameter for the subsequent characterisation analysis. In addition, its effect on cement hydration was studied by including it as a filler in mortar mixtures. Mortar with 7.50% of extracted silica gained high strength in the early days of curing and performed well throughout the maturing age. The rapid hardening properties of soluble silica-based mortar would promote the potential of soluble silica as an additive for rapid hardening.