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New generation of semipermeable membranes with carbon nanotubes for water and wastewater treatment: Critical review

Michał Bodzek Krystyna Konieczny Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | 47 | 3 | 3-27 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138460

Keywords Carbon Nanotube (CNT) CNT functionalization CNT freestanding membranes mixed matrix CNTmembranes water and wastewater treatment

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Abstract

Environmental applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently attracted worldwide attentiondue to their excellent adsorption capacities and promising physical, chemical and mechanical properties, as well asthe preparation of novel membranes with attractive features for water purification. This paper critically reviews therecent progress on the preparation and applications of CNT based membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Various synthesis techniques for the preparation of CNT based membranes are discussed. The functionalization ofCNTs, which involves chemical/physical modification of pristine CNTs with different types of functional groups,improves the capabilities of CNT for water and wastewater treatment and/or removal of waterborne contaminants.The CNT-based membrane applications are found to possess a variety of advantages, including improving waterpermeability, high selectivity and antifouling capability. However, their applications at full scale are still limitedby their high cost. Finally, we highlight that CNT membranes with promising removal efficiencies for respectivecontaminants can be considered for commercialization and to achieve holistic performance for the purpose ofwater treatment and desalination. This paper may provide an insight for the development of CNT based membranesfor water purification in the future. With their tremendous separation performance, low biofouling potential andultra-high water flux, CNT membranes have the potential to be a leading technology in water treatment, especiallydesalination.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek

1

e-mail: michal.bodzek@ipispan.edu.pl

ORCID:

Krystyna Konieczny

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Poland

Assessment of Pollution by Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Surface Water in Kampinos National Park

Krystyna Oprządek Krystyna Syrocka Mariusz Kluska Wojciech Kroszczyński Witold Zalewski

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2004 | vol. 30 | No 3 | 27-34

Keywords Kampinos National Park (KPN) heavy metals nitrates phosphates polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs)

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Abstract

W latach 2000-2002 badano niektóre naturalne i antropogenne właściwości wód powierzchniowych Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Uzyskane wartości średnie omówiono w porównaniu do odpowiednich norm. Analizy większości próbek wykazały, że odpowiadają one I klasie czystości. Benzo(a)pirenu nie wykryto. Jednak w dwóch przypadkach zaobserwowano wysokie stężenie żelaza i manganu. Próbki pobrane w listopadzie zawierały więcej manganu. W jednym przypadku oznaczono wysokie stężenie azotanów. Większość próbek pobranych w Aleksandrowie odpowiadała li klasie czystości ze względu na zawartość fosforanów.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Oprządek

Krystyna Syrocka

Mariusz Kluska

Wojciech Kroszczyński

Witold Zalewski

Hate speech in the digital era

Jakub Kuś

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2016 | Nr 2 (46) Emotions | 27

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Abstract

The conviction that hate speech is somehow acceptable in online communication may have disastrous consequences, threatening to turn us into a hostile society devoid of empathy or even basic manners.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Kuś

Hejt czasów cyfrowej rewolucji

Jakub Kuś

ACADEMIA. Magazyn Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2016 | Nr 2 (46) 2016 Emocje | 27

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Abstract

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences (Bull.Pol. Ac.: Tech.) is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred: Artificial and Computational Intelligence, Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Civil Engineering, Control, Informatics and Robotics, Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics, Material Science and Nanotechnology, Power Systems and Power Electronics.

Journal Metrics: JCR Impact Factor 2018: 1.361, 5 Year Impact Factor: 1.323, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2017: 0.319, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2017: 1.005, CiteScore 2017: 1.27, The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education 2017: 25 points.

Abbreviations/Acronym: Journal citation: Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech., ISO: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., JCR Abbrev: B POL ACAD SCI-TECH Acronym in the Editorial System: BPASTS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Kuś

Lem’s Philosophy of Chance in His Fiction and Non-Fiction

Bernd Graefrath

Filozofia i Nauka | 2022 | tom 10 | 27-30

Keywords Stanislaw Lem chance science fiction philosophy of technology philosophy of biology philosophy of culture

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Abstract

Stanislaw Lem recognizes the far-reaching role of chance both in gaining knowledge and in explaining the development of cultural norms. The consequences are explored by him in fiction and non-fiction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bernd Graefrath

1

University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of Philosophy, Universitaets str. 12, D-45117 Essen, Germany

Questions of cost and pricing in the conditions of the functioning of the electricity market of Kazakhstan

Kuralay Sadykova Almas Zhakupov Timur Baymukhanov Railash Turchekenova Aliya Medebaeva

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 4 | 27-38

Keywords electricity market pricing consumers transportation regional grid companies

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Abstract

The electric power sector is analyzed from the standpoint of well-being and a number of political priorities are considered that go beyond the traditional tasks of the so-called “energy trilemma”, namely reliable, affordable and carbon-free energy. This shows the importance of solving the problem at different levels as it can help the Government of Kazakhstan more reliably achieve synergy between actions to combat climate change and other priorities and, consequently, achieve double harmonization. The purpose of the study is to consider the cost and pricing surveys in the conditions of the functioning of the electricity market of Kazakhstan. Electricity is of key importance for human well-being. Electricity is highly necessary for many basic services, infrastructure and economic activities. Despite the increase in energy efficiency, the global electricity demand increased by 115% between 1990 and 2020, which is significantly higher than the population growth rate over the same period. This trend will undoubtedly continue conditioned upon economic growth, increased access and the electrification of end users. The assessment of electricity generation technologies from the point of view of well-being requires the use of the full cost method, which includes all applicable external costs, risks and benefits to determine the low-carbon energy balance, which in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is compatible with sustainable development. This assessment clearly needs to go beyond the plant level to consider the network infrastructure and demand to get a holistic view of the social costs of electricity. The practical significance lies in the analysis of cost and pricing in the conditions of the functioning of the electricity market of Kazakhstan.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kuralay Sadykova

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Almas Zhakupov

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Timur Baymukhanov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Railash Turchekenova

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aliya Medebaeva

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Management, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Kazakhstan
Institute of Heat Power Engineering and Heat Engineering, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeev, Republic of Kazakhstan

Uses and Underuses of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination at the International Court of Justice

Michał Balcerzak

Polish Yearbook of International Law | 2018 | No XXXVIII | 11-27 | DOI: 10.24425/pyil.2019.129604

Keywords International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination International Court of Justice Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination provisional measures human rights

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Abstract

As many as three international disputes containing allegations of infringement of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination (ICERD) have been brought before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), thus contributing to the number of cases allowing the Court to pronounce itself on the international human rights law. Even though none of the cases invoking violations of ICERD has been (yet) adjudicated on the merits, they have already provided an opportunity to clarify (at least in part) the compromissory clause enshrined in Art. 22 of ICERD, as well as to tackle some other issues related to provisional measures ordered by the Court. This article discusses the ICJ’s approaches to the application of ICERD in the three above-mentioned cases, while posing the question whether indeed the 1965 Convention can be useful as a tool for settling inter-state disputes. The author claims that ICERD and the broad definition of “racial discrimination” set out in its Art. 1 constitute cornerstones for the international protection of human rights, though the recourse to the procedures provided in Art. 22 of ICERD – vital as they are – should not necessarily be perceived as a better alternative to the inter-state procedures and the functions exercised by the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Balcerzak

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Novel solutions on model-based and model-free robotic-assisted ankle rehabilitation

Juan Carlos Arceo Jorge Álvarez Carlos Armenta Jimmy Lauber Sylvain Cremoux Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger Miguel Bernal

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 5-27 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136878

Keywords active disturbance rejection computed torque control differential algebraic equations parallel rehabilitation robot real-time implementation system identification

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Abstract

In this report, ankle rehabilitation routines currently approved by physicians are implemented via novel control algorithms on a recently appeared robotic device known as the motoBOTTE. The physician specifications for gait cycles are translated into robotic trajectories whose tracking is performed twofold depending on the availability of a model: (1) if obtained via the Euler-Lagrange approach along with identification of unknown plant parameters, a new computed-torque control law is proposed; it takes into account the parallel-robot characteristics; (2) if not available, a variation of the active disturbance rejection control technique whose parameters need to be tuned, is employed. A detailed discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the model-based and model-free results, from the continuous-time simulation to the discrete-time implementation, is included.

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Authors and Affiliations

Juan Carlos Arceo

1

Jorge Álvarez

2

Carlos Armenta

1

Jimmy Lauber

1

Sylvain Cremoux

3

Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger

1

Miguel Bernal

2

Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
Sonora Institute of Technology, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS UMR 5549, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France

Shale gas deposit model and preliminary resources estimation based on mud logging data on gas content variation

Marek Nieć Angelika Musiał Justyna Auguścik

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2019 | vol. 35 | No 4 | 27-46 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2019.128541

Keywords variability shales gas-bearing deposit model

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Abstract

The occurrence of gas confined in shales allows us to consider it as a component of the host rock. During drilling wells, the gas is released into the drilling fluid from finely ground gas-bearing rock particles. The amount of gas released can be determined on the basis of mud-gas logging; in addition, it is possible to determine the gas-content in shales expressed by the volume of gas released per mass unit of rock [m3/ton]. The gas content in the Ordovician and Silurian shales (Sasin formation and Jantar member respectively) in two selected wells in northern Poland was determined using this method. It has been found that clearly distinguishable, highly gas-bearing sections, which are separated by very poorly gas-bearing ones, can be determined in the well log. The increased gas content in shales can be observed in zones generally enriched in TOC. No direct correlation between TOC and gas-bearing capacity was found however, but the structure of TOC variability and the gas-bearing capacity described using variograms is identical. Correlations of the distinguished gas-bearing layers in the wells under consideration suggest a multi-lens or multi-layered reservoir model. The lack of natural boundaries in the shale gas reservoir means that they must be determined arbitrarily based on the assumed marginal gas-bearing capacity. In the case of several gas-bearing zones, numerous variants of interpretation are possible. In any case the low, best and high estimated resources may be evaluated, assigned to each borehole in the area with radii equal to the range of variogram of gas content in horizontal part of the well.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Nieć

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Angelika Musiał

Justyna Auguścik

Metal potential in copper smelting slags from Polkowice tailings dump – preliminary studies

Karol Zglinicki Krzysztof Szamałek Anna Czarnecka-Skwarek Katarzyna Żyłka

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 2 | 27-48

Keywords copper melting slag circular economy secondary mineral resources

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Abstract

In Poland, the mineral sector generates 110–130 million tons of wastes annually (in the last 20 years), and metal ore mining alone was responsible for 31.2 million tons of wastes in 2017. The slags deposited at the Polkowice were investigated. This waste may be a potential source of many valuable metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Sb, Sn, Se). The tailings dump in Polkowice contains approximately 80,000 tons of slag. The material contains primary phases formed by pyrometallurgical processes and secondary phases, which are the result of transformation of primary components. The primary phases are represented by sulfides: sphalerite [ZnS]; wurtzite [(Zn,Fe)S]; pyrite [FeS2]; sulfates: beaverite-(Zn) [Pb(Fe3+ 2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6]; palmierite [(K,Na)2Pb(SO4)2]; oxides and hydroxides: goethite [Fe3+O(OH)]; wüestite [FeO]; hematite [Fe2O3]; magnetite [Fe2+Fe3+ 2O4]; chromian spinel [Fe2+Cr3+ 2O4]; silicates: petedunnite [Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6]; quartz [SiO2]; and microcline [KAlSi3O8]. Additionally, SEM -BSE observations revealed that oxidized native metals (Cu, Pb, As) and metal alloys and semi-metals appear. The slag consists mainly of SiO2 (13.70–20.60 wt%), Fe2O3 (24.90–39.62 wt%) and subordinately of CaO (2.71–6.94 wt%) and MgO (1.34–4.68 wt%). High contents are formed by Zn (9.42–17.38 wt%), Pb (5.13–13.74 wt%) and Cu (1.29–2.88 wt%). The slag contains trace elements Mo (487.4–980.1 ppm), Ni (245.3–530.7 ppm), Sn (2380.0–4441.5 ppm), Sb (2462.8–4446.0 ppm), Se (168.0–293.0 ppm). High concentrations are formed by toxic elements, such as e.g. As (13 100–22 600 ppm) and Cd (190.5–893.1 ppm). It is estimated that the tailings dump has accumulated about 80,000 t of slag, which may contain about 10,000 t of Zn, about 6,700 t of Pb, and 1,500 t of Cu.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Zglinicki

1

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Krzysztof Szamałek

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Czarnecka-Skwarek

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Katarzyna Żyłka

2 1

Polish Geological Institute – Polish Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland
University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

Macroeconomic factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions in Bangladesh: an ARDL approach

Musa Khan

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 3 | 27-46

Keywords macroeconomic factors economic growth emissions energy consumption ARDL approach

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Abstract

The world economy is constantly faced with crises that cause a significant negative impact. Each crisis poses new challenges to the economy and, on the one hand, inhibits economic growth, and on the other hand, can become a powerful stimulus for the development and rethinking of fundamental approaches to its construction. Conducting an analysis and establishing relationships between the economic situation and the state of the energy sector make it possible not only to predict the future but also to develop specific steps to prevent crises or reduce their negative impact. At the same time, establishing and evaluating the relationship between key economic and energy indicators, the main one of which is definitely the energy intensity of GDP, will provide an opportunity to understand how improving energy security will affect the economic situation in the country. The generalization of Ukraine’s experience in rebuilding and recovering the economy after the biggest crisis creates a basis for further research in the field of energy management, crisis management, economics, and the construction of investment policy. The reconstruction of Ukraine after the war has the potential to become the most significant stimulus for development and economic growth. During the crisis, it is very important to pay attention to the country’s energy security. In particular, it is necessary to ensure the diversification of energy resources, taking into account their rising cost. Energy markets are currently experiencing extreme volatility caused by geopolitical tensions, which requires additional attention in the development and implementation of strategic guidelines for sustainable economic recovery in Ukraine.

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Musa Khan

1

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Economics & Banking, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh

The multi-raw material documentation as the basis for a comprehensive and rational use of mineral deposit resources on the example of the area of the Bełchatów lignite deposit

Elżbieta Hycnar Tadeusz Ratajczak Ryszard Uberman

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2023 | vol. 39 | No 3 | 27-42 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147560

Keywords multi-mineral deposits multi-raw material deposits multi-mineral documentation multi-raw material concessions accompanying minerals

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Abstract

The domestic (Polish) lignite deposits, including the Bełchatów deposit, are classified as multi- mineral and multi-raw materials. Ensuring the possibility of using a significant part of all minerals present in this type of deposits should be a matter of priority for mines. Over several dozen years of operation, the Bełchatów Lignite Mine, based on its own experience in documenting and exploiting both the main mineral and accompanying minerals, as well as rock mass components that are not solid minerals, this mine has developed a new approach to the problem of the comprehensive use of deposit resources. The content of the article is an attempt to answer the question: do the applicable laws guarantee a comprehensive and rational use of mineral deposits whose resources are non-renewable? On the example of the area of the Bełchatów lignite deposit, the comprehensive and rational use of mineral resources was analysed. It was indicated that the reasons for their use result from the lack of appropriate organizational, economic and financial solutions. Particular attention was paid to the need to modify the licensing procedures for prospecting, documenting and extracting minerals. It seems reasonable to introduce multi-resource concessions, which are an important element of the circular economy. Therefore, proposals were formulated regarding the introduction of additional legal regulations and instruments of an economic and financial nature. These would be able to guarantee the comprehensive and rational use of most mineral resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Hycnar

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tadeusz Ratajczak

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ryszard Uberman

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Kraków, Poland
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute PAS, Kraków, Poland

Developing a Personality through Humanizing Professional Education

Liudmyla Petrova Olga Savchenko Tetyana Bryk Taisya Chernyshova Mikhailo Trebin

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2023 | vol. 54 | No 1 | 27-36 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.144880

Keywords Humanization of Education Personality Development Professional Training Self-Actualization

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Abstract

This study is a scientific justification for the hypothesis stating that the humanization of education contributes to developing a student’s personality as a subject of educational activity and helps master knowledge and skills that boost the development of professional skills. The study includes 300 cadets from the Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University in their 1-4 years of study. The study determines the main pedagogical support components of professional and personal self-development of military students. In the survey, 86.6% of military students positively assessed their professional and personal self-development, although senior students (46.8%) demonstrated less interest in this regard. The study reveals that modern higher education needs further humanization so that future specialists endorse and share humanistic values; the humanization of training at the military university results in positive changes in all criteria of professional and personal self-development of military students. It is necessary to provide three stages in the integral process of professional training: the motivation and value-oriented stage; the cognitive and activity stage; the reflexive and transformative stage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Liudmyla Petrova

1

Olga Savchenko

1

Tetyana Bryk

1

Taisya Chernyshova

1

Mikhailo Trebin

2

Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Integration of TLS and UAV data for the generation of a three-dimensional basemap

Przemyslaw Klapa Bartosz Mitka Mariusz Zygmunt

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | e27 | DOI: 10.24425/agg.2022.141301

Keywords UAV TLS data integration geospatial data mapping 3D

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Abstract

3D maps are becoming more and more popular due not only to their accessibility and clarity of reception, but above all, they provide comprehensive spatial information. Three-dimensional cartographic studies meet the accuracy requirements set for traditional 2D stu-dies, and additionally, they naturally connect the place where the phenomenon occurs with its spatial location. Due to the scale of the objects and difficulties in obtaining comprehensive data using only one source, a frequent procedure is to integrate measurement, cartographic, photo-grammetric information and databases in order to generate a comprehensive study in the form of a 3D map. This paper presents the method of acquiring and processing, as well as, integrating data from TLS and UAVs. Clouds of points representing places and objects are the starting point for the implementation of 3D models of buildings and technical objects, as well as for the con-struction of the Digital Terrain Model. However, in order to supplement the spatial information about the object, the geodetic database of the record of the utilities network was integrated with the model. The procedure performed with the use of common georeferencing, based on the global coordinate system, allowed for the generation of a comprehensive basemap in a three-dimensional form.

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Authors and Affiliations

Przemyslaw Klapa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bartosz Mitka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mariusz Zygmunt

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

It-extraposition with past participles and that-clauses: a quantitative corpus - based analysis

Jarosław Wiliński

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 1 | 27-46 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2023.144822

Keywords it-extraposition construction grammar frame semantics COCA corpus-based analysis

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Abstract

Applying frame semantics, usage-based construction grammar, and quantitative corpus-based methodology, this article seeks to explore the nature of the extraposed construction with past participles complemented by that-clauses. To this end, the author extracts the occurrences of the It BE V_en that-construction from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), determines its structural, semantic, distributional, and discourse-functional features, and identifies verbs that are strongly associated with the construction in question. The study meaningfully contributes to a growing body of research on it-extraposition by conducting a qualitative and quantitative analysis of one of its variants, a grammatical pattern with past participles that has not been hitherto investigated in much detail from a quantitative corpus- based perspective.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Wiliński

1

Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities

Talking about Bordering. Prof. Nira Yuval-Davis interviewed by Prof. Louise Ryan, 15 July 2019

Nira Yuval-Davis Louise Ryan

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2020 | vol. 9 | No 1 | 13-27

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Abstract

In the summer of 2019 as the UK was in the midst of heated Brexit debates and Theresa May’s minority government clung on to power, Professor Louise Ryan interviewed Professor Nira Yuval-Davis about her recent book Bordering (Yuval-Davis, Wemyss and Cassidy 2019). Although things have changed in some significant ways since that interview, for example Boris Johnson has now replaced Theresa May as Prime Minister, and won a landslide election victory in December, 2019, and the controversial Brexit Bill was passed by the British Parliament, many of the issues about borders and bordering remain extremely relevant today. The current pandemic has not only revealed Britain’s dependence on migrant workers, especially in health and social care, but also exposed health inequalities among migrants and ethnic minorities. As the post-Brexit immigration landscape begins to emerge, the analysis of Nira Yuval Davis remains as pertinent as ever.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nira Yuval-Davis

Louise Ryan

Mobile forms vs the total content of thallium in activated sludge

Bożena Karbowska Włodzimierz Zembrzuski Joanna Zembrzuska

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 21-27 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142686

Keywords sewage sludge mobility thallium

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Abstract

Sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is currently a serious environmental problem, given its diversity due to the variability of time and heavy metal content. Current research on the monitoring of heavy metals is based on the determination of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr. This makes any thallium content data difficult to access. The study estimated the degree of contamination of sewage sludge with thallium. The sludge samples came from a sewage treatment plant located in Poland. The results are presented for the total concentration of thallium and its mobile forms. These samples were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the average thallium content was 0.203 μg/g and its mobile form was 0.025 μg/g. The conducted research shows that almost 13% of thallium from sewage sludge can be gradually released into the environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Karbowska

1

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Włodzimierz Zembrzuski

1

e-mail:

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Joanna Zembrzuska

1

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Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poland

Various Structures of Struvite Crystals

Jan Suschka Eligiusz Kowalski Sebastian Poplawski

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 2 | 27-42

Keywords struvite magnesium ammonia phosphate phosphorous recovery crystal forms

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Suschka

Eligiusz Kowalski

Sebastian Poplawski

Turbine stage expansion model including internal air film cooling and novel method of calculating theoretical power of a cooled stage

Paweł Trawiński

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 3 | 3-27 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.143169

Keywords Gas turbine Expansion line Air film cooling Theoretical stage power

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Abstract

Systematic attempts to maximise the efficiency of gas turbine units are achieved, among other possibilities, by increasing the temperature at the inlet to the expansion section. This requires additional technological solutions in advanced systems for cooling the blade rows with air extracted from the compressor section. This paper introduces a new mathematical model describing the expansion process of the working medium in the turbine stage with air film cooling. The model includes temperature and pressure losses caused by the mixing of cooling air in the path of hot exhaust gases. The improvement of the accuracy of the expansion process mathematical description, compared with the currently used models, is achieved by introducing an additional empirical coefficient estimating the distribution of the cooling air along the profile of the turbine blade. The new approach to determine the theoretical power of a cooled turbine stage is also presented. The model is based on the application of three conservation laws: mass, energy and momentum. The advantage of the proposed approach is the inclusion of variable thermodynamic parameters of the cooling medium. The results were compared with the simplified models used in the literature: separate Hartsel expansion, mainstream pressure, weighted-average pressure and fully reversible. The proposed model for expansion and the determination of theoretical power allows for accurate modelling of the performance of a cooled turbine stage under varying conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Trawiński

1

Institute of Heat Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland

Effects of combustion products composition models on the exergetic analysis of spark-ignition engine fuelled with ethanol

Caio H. Rufino Alessandro J.T.B. de Lima Ana P. Mattos Fazal U.M. Allah Janito V. Ferreira Waldyr L.R. Gallo

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2019 | vol. 40 | No 3 | 27-42 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2019.129548

Keywords Engine simulations Combustion products Spark-ignition engines Ethanol Irreversibility

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Abstract

The engine simulations have become an integral part of engine design and development. They are based on approximations and assumptions. The precision of the results depends on the accuracy of these hypotheses. The simplified models of frozen composition, chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics provide the compositions of combustion products for engine cycle simulations. This paper evaluates the effects of different operating conditions and hypotheses on the exergetic analysis of a spark-ignition engine. The Brazilian automotive market has the highest number of flex-fuel vehicles. Therefore, a flex-fuel engine is considered for simulations in order to demonstrate the effects of these different hypotheses. The stroke length and bore diameter have the same value of 80 mm. The in-cylinder irreversibility is calculated for each case at the closed part of the engine cycle. A comparative analysis of these hypotheses provides a comprehensive evaluation of their effects on exergetic analysis. Higher values of accumulated irreversibility are observed for the oversimplified hypothesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Caio H. Rufino

Alessandro J.T.B. de Lima

Ana P. Mattos

Fazal U.M. Allah

Janito V. Ferreira

Waldyr L.R. Gallo

Toxic Influence of New Wood Preservatives on Plants Growth

Elżbieta Grabińska-Sota Danuta Witecy

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2002 | vol. 28 | No 4 | 27-32

Keywords fitotoxicity wood preservatives imidazolium chlorides

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Abstract

Toxic influence of two new imidazolium chlorides was examined on plants: dicotyledonous Sinapis alba Linnaeus and monocotyledonous Horde11111 vulgare Linnaeus. These compounds are meant to be new wood preservatives because of their excellent fungicidal properties. They were proved Io be less toxic 10 barley than 10 charlock. The compound 3,3'-[(2,7-dioxyoktymethylene) bis (1-oktyl)imidazolium] chloride was less fitotoxic 10 both plants than l-decyl-3-hexylotiomethylimidazolium chloride.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Grabińska-Sota

Danuta Witecy

Changes in the Concentration of Radon-222 and Its Daughter Products in the Air of the Underground Tourist Route in Walim (Lower Silesia)

Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2000 | vol. 26 | No 3 | 13-27

Keywords radon radium radon daughter products ionizing radiation adits underground touristroute Lower Silesia Sudety Mountains Góry Sowie mountains

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski

Estimate of the Percent Reduction of the Workers Hearing Loss by Doing a Training Intervention Based on BASNEF Pattern

Rohollah Fallah Madvari Fereydoon Laal Milad Abbasi Mohammad Reza Monazzam Alireza Fallah Madvari

Archives of Acoustics | 2019 | vol. 44 | No 1 | 27-33 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.126349

Keywords hearing loss hearing protective devices ISO 1999 BASNEF

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Abstract

If we want to provide the efficient training intervention to increase the duration of using hearing protection devices (HPDs) by workers, we need a tool that can estimate the person’s hearing threshold taking into account noise exposure level, age, and work history, and compare them with audiometry to find out the percent reduction of workers hearing loss.

First, the workers noise exposure level was determined according to ISO 9612, then 4000 Hz audiometry was done to find age and work history. On basis of ISO 1999 the hearing threshold was estimated and if the hearing protection device was not used continuously and correctly, the hearing protection device’s actual performance was reduced adjusted with person’s audiometry. After training intervention, the estimate was done again and was compared with the adjusted audiometry.

According to ISO 1999 standard estimation results, the percent reduction of the workers hearing loss level was 6.48 dB in intervention group. This level remained unchanged in control group. The mean score of hearing threshold estimation (standard ISO 1999) was statistically more significant than mean score of hearing threshold (p-value ¡ 0.001). The results show not significant change in control group due to lack of changing of noise exposure level.

In regards to the results of hearing threshold estimation based on ISO 1999 and comparing with workers audiometry, it can be seen that BASNEF training intervention increases the duration of using the HPDs and it could be effective in reducing hearing threshold related to noise.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rohollah Fallah Madvari

Fereydoon Laal

Milad Abbasi

Mohammad Reza Monazzam

Alireza Fallah Madvari

Dispersion Curves of Love Waves in Elastic Waveguides Loaded with a Newtonian Liquid Layer of Finite Thickness

Piotr Kiełczyński Marek Szalewski Andrzej Balcerzak Krzysztof Wieja

Archives of Acoustics | 2020 | vol. 45 | No 1 | 19-27 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.129738

Keywords Love waves ultrasonic sensors Newtonian liquid penetration depth biosensors chemosensors viscosity sensors

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Abstract

In this paper, the authors analyse the propagation of surface Love waves in an elastic layered waveguide (elastic guiding layer deposited on an elastic substrate) covered on its surface with a Newtonian liquid layer of finite thickness. By solving the equations of motion in the constituent regions (elastic substrate, elastic surface layer and Newtonian liquid) and imposing the appropriate boundary conditions, the authors established an analytical form of the complex dispersion equation for Love surface waves. Further, decomposition of the complex dispersion equation into its real and imaginary part, enabled for evaluation of the phase velocity and attenuation dispersion curves of the Love wave. Subsequently, the influence of the finite thickness of a Newtonian liquid on the dispersion curves was evaluated. Theoretical (numerical) analysis shows that when the thickness of the Newtonian liquid layer exceeds approximately four penetration depths 4δ of the wave in a Newtonian liquid, then this Newtonian liquid layer can be regarded as a semi-infinite half-space. The results obtained in this paper can be important in the design and optimization of ultrasonic Love wave sensors such as: biosensors, chemosensors and viscosity sensors. Love wave viscosity sensors can be used to assess the viscosity of various liquids, e.g. liquid polymers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kiełczyński

Marek Szalewski

Andrzej Balcerzak

Krzysztof Wieja

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