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Abstract

The paper examines the issues of epidemiology, conditions, and treatment of eating disorders in men which are not widely recognised in either Polish and other International research. The aim of this paper is to provide an narrative overview of published research to date on the epidemiology, determinants and treatment of eating disorders in males, to discuss some of the differences reported in studies of self-identified gender disparities, and differences in comparison to the literature on female eating disorders. The prevalence and extent of the issue is underestimated by those affected and by clinicians. Consequently, men suffering from eating disorders (EDs) are less likely to be recognised or to receive appropriated timely help. This paper is based on a narrative review analysis of research reports on EDs. The authors discuss the issue of EDs in the context of gender, indicating how self-identified gender can affect clinical presentation (including somatic self- -perception, and the methods employed and motives in striving for a ‘perfect’ figure) and how these relate. Both the methods used in collecting data on eating disorders and the precision of diagnostic criteria for recognising eating disorders (mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) (both on the DSM and ICD systems) are based largely on research conducted in female clinical populations. Analysis of the empirical material to date leads us to assume that symptoms of EDs in men are more often (than in the case of women) related to (self)stigmatisation, difficulties in obtaining a correct diagnosis, coexistent body dysmorphic disorders, substance addictions, and greater physical activity.’
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Ziółkowska
1
Dorota Mroczkowska
2

  1. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
  2. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
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Abstract

More than 4100 plant-parasitic nematodes species have been described to date, some of which are of significant economic importance since they cause losses in agriculture. This paper presents new data on three species of the genus Longidorus: L. attenuatus, L. elongatus and L. euonymus from Poland. The study was based on 1138 soil samples taken from different regions of the country. A total of 77 populations of L. elongatus, 23 of L. attenuatus and 7 of L. euonymus were found which corresponds with 6.76%, 2.02% and 0.62% of all analyzed samples, respectively. Distribution maps are presented together with data on the morphometrics, molecular markers D2-D3 28S rDNA and data on host plants on which the nematodes were found.
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Authors and Affiliations

Franciszek Kornobis
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Entomology and Animal Pests, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

The article considers information technology for the realization of human communication using residual human capabilities, obtained by organizing text entry using mobile and auxiliary devices. The components of the proposed technology are described in detail: the method for entering text information to realize the possibility of introducing a limited number of controls and the method of predicting words that are most often encountered after words already entered in the sentence. A generalized representation of the process of entering text is described with the aid of an ambiguous virtual keyboard and the representation of control signals for the selection of control elements. The approaches to finding the optimal distribution of the set of alphabet characters for different numbers of control signals are given. The method of word prediction is generalized and improved, the statistical language model with "back-off" is used, and the approach to the formation of the training corpus of the spoken Ukrainian language is proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iurii V. Krak
Olexander V. Barmak
Ruslan O. Bahrii
Waldemar Wójcik
Saule Rakhmetullina
Saltanat Amirgaliyeva
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Abstract

Chemical heat pumps (CHP) use reversible exothermal and endothermal chemical reactions to increase the temperature of working fluids. In comparison to the “classical” vapour compression chemical heat pumps, CHP enables us to achieve significantly higher temperatures of a heated medium which is crucial for the potential application, e.g. for production of superheated steam. Despite the advantages presented, currently, there are no installations using CHP for lowgrade waste heat recovery available on the market. The scaling up of industrial processes is still one of the greatest challenges of process engineering. The aim of the theoretical and experimental concept study presented here was to evaluate a method of reclaiming energy from low temperature waste streams and converting it into a saturated steam of temperature from 120 to 150 ◦C, which can be useful in industry. A chemical heat pump concept, based on the dilution and concentration of phosphoric acid, was used to test the method in the laboratory scale. The heat of dilution and energy needed for water evaporation from the acid solutionwere experimentally measured. The cycle of successive processes of dilution and concentration has been experimentally confirmed. A theoretical model of the chemical heat pump was tested and coefficient of performance measured.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Czapnik
Michał Tylman
Maciej Jaskulski
Paweł Wawrzyniak

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