In 1993–1995 from the cabbage aphid colonies, fed on nine different varieties of Brassica oleracea L. syrphid larvae and pupae were collected. The remaining emerged adults of Syrphidae were classified to eight species. The parasitization varied within the years of observation and oscillated from 14,4% to 46,4%. Four parasitic Hymenoptera: Diplazon laetatorius (F.), Diplazon sp., Pachyneuron grande (Thoms.), and Syrphophagus aeruginosus (Dalm.) were reared. The parasitoids identified belong to the following three families Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, and Encyrtidae. The largest group of reared parasitoids belonged to the family Ichneumonidae of which the most frequent was Diplazon laetatorius (F.). It occurred in each year of observations. The parasitization by D. laetatorius reached 21,7%.
The new control method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) is presented. Balance of power in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is based on conservation of energy law. Space vector theory determined by instantaneous value of phase quantities is applied in mathematical analysis. It makes possible to estimate instantaneous values of reactive energy and electromagnetic torque. The presented control method belongs to flux-oriented method; it synchronizes current vector in relation to stator flux vector. New structure of control system as well as block diagram containing all basic elements and operating modes of specific blocks are described. Simulation studies and experimental results for two kinds of motors: PMSM and BLDCM were performed based on the dSPACE development DS1103 system.