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Number of results: 9
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Abstract

In this work, an approach to the design of broadband thickness-mode piezoelectric transducer is pre- sented. In this approach, simulation of discrete time model of the impulse response of matched and backed piezoelectric transducer is used to design high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, and short-duration impulse response transducers. The effect of matching the performance of transmitting and receiving air backed PZT-5A transducer working into water load is studied. The optimum acoustical characteristics of the quarter wavelength matching layers are determined by a compromise between sensitivity and pulse duration. The thickness of bonding layers is smaller than that of the quarter wavelength matching layers so that they do not change the resonance peak significantly. Our calculations show that the −3 dB air backed transducer bandwidth can be improved considerably by using quarter wavelength matching layers. The computer model developed in this work to predict the behavior of multilayer structures driven by a transient waveform agrees well with measured results. Furthermore, the advantage of this this model over other approaches is that the time signal for optimum set of matching layers can be predicted rapidly
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed G.S. Ali
Nour Z. Elsayed
Ebtsam A. Eid
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Abstract

The paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning the sources of noise generated by wind turbines, force measurement methodology, and assessment of noise onerousness in this type of installation, on the basis of a study concerning a wind farm with five REpower MM92 wind turbines and the electric power of 2 MW and the sound power level of 104.2 dB(A) each. Particular attention was focused on the often discussed problem of presence of infrasound generated by turbines and on the requirements of the applicable reference methodologies for the measurement of wind speed to 5 m/s, while the turbine reaches its full power at speeds above 10 m/s.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kłaczyński
Tadeusz Wszołek
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Abstract

The objective of the paper is to use life cycle assessment to compare environmental impact of different technologies used in the process of water disinfection. Two scenarios are developed for water disinfection life cycle at ZUW Raba water treatment plant: (1) historical, in which gaseous chlorine is used as a disinfectant and (2) actual, in which UV radiation and electrolytically generated sodium hypochlorite are used for that purpose. Primary data is supplemented with ecoinvent 3 database records. Environmental impact is assessed by IMPACT2002+ method and its midpoint and endpoint indicators that are calculated with the use of SimaPro 8.4 software. The focus of the assessment is on selected life cycle phases: disinfection process itself and the water distribution process that follows. The assessment uses the data on flows and emissions streams as observed in the Raba plant. As the results of primal analysis show, a change of disinfectant results in quantitative changes in THMs and free chlorine in water supplied to the water supply network. The results of analysis confirm the higher potential of THMs formation and higher environmental impact of the combined method of UV/NaClO disinfection in distribution phase and in whole life cycle, mainly due to the increase of human toxicity factors. However, during the disinfection phase, gaseous chlorine use is more harmful for environment. But the final conclusion states that water quality indicators are not significant in the context of LCA, while both disinfection and distribution phases are concerned.

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Jachimowski
Tomasz Nitkiewicz
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Abstract

Fungus Fnsarium solani, able to degrade methyl isobutyl ketone was isolated from the bed ofbiofilter cleaning exhausting gases from the cable plant "Załom" near Szczecin. This substance was used as the only source of carbon and energy. Confirmation and kinetic tests were performed in 25 cm- scrubbers filed with mineral medium which was inoculated with the fungus. Fusorium solani degraded MIBK at the rate up to 60 g·m3·h·1 and pollution loading up to 200 gm+h'. Degree of elimination ranged from 40 to 80% and decreased when culture pollution loading increased.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Przybulewska
Andrzej N. Wieczorek
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Abstract

The article deals with the possibilities of regenerating operating fluids, assessing the composition of new, used, and regenerated oils by evaluating their toxicity and proposing the environmentally friendly regeneration method. The focus lies on two methods of regeneration of waste operating fluids: distillation and electrostatic cleaning. Oil samples, regenerated through these methods, were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass detection. The variance in composition among new, used, and regenerated oils depends on the method of regeneration. Properties of hydrocarbons exhibiting ecotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and other effects were identified using safety data sheets and databases like Pubchem, ChemicalBook. Analyzing HLP 46 oil (samples of new, unused, used and regenerated oil) revealed that the most toxic hydrocarbons (acetane, heptacosane, nonacosane) were absent after regeneration through electrostatic cleaning. Comparing the composition of operating fluids before and after regeneration, it was established that the most environmentally favorable regeneration method is electrostatic cleaning, which maintains the original properties of the operating fluids intended for use. Operating fluids regenerated via electrostatic cleaning contain fewer toxic hydrocarbons, making them more favorable concerning human health and the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Hybská
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eszter Turčániová
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martin Krempa
2
Pavel Timár
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ladislav Štibrányi
4
ORCID: ORCID
Tamás Rétfalvi
5
ORCID: ORCID
Martina Mordáčová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia
  2. Hireco Fluid s.r.o., Bytča, Slovakia
  3. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
  4. Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
  5. Institute of Environment and Nature Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
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Abstract

Non-crustacean plankton was studied during summer cruises to the northern Nor­wegian Sea from 1996 to 1998. The dominant species in the investigated area were Aglantha digitale (Hydrozoa) and Sagitta elegans (Chaetognatha). The average density, mean biomass and interannual changes of zooplankton are presented against the background of sea tempera­tures. The results of this work indicate the very strong inter-annual variability of non-crustacean zooplankton abundance. Correlations with minor changes in sea temperature were noted only for hydromedusae.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Wencki
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Abstract

In order to reconstruct environmental changes in the Borzechowo mire, a sediment core was subjected to macrofossil and stratigraphic analyses. The mire is located in the eastern part of the Pomeranian Lakeland (Tuchola Forest, northern Poland). It is a limnogenic mire, formed as a result of terrestrialisation of a water body. The time of basal peat accumulation was estimated by radiocarbon dating as 9860±130 14C BP (Gd-12393) and by palynological analysis as Preboreal. The analysis of macrofossils shows that in that period, considerable hydrological changes took place in the study area. These hydrological changes were caused by melting of dead ice blocks that was common place in the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Słowiński
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Abstract

Within a small (2.5 x 2.5 km) test field, located in the eastern part of the Pomeranian Bay, the geological structure was investigated in detail using seismoacoustic profiling and coring. In the cores, mineral grain size and micro- and macrofauna were analysed. Basing on seismoacoustic records, three main seismostratigraphic units were distinguished. The lowest unit is built of sand and muddy sand. Higher up lies the unit of sandy mud, in some places - of clay. Fauna assemblages indicate cold climate conditions, and clearly point to an existence of lacustrine reservoir of oligotrophic character. Analysis of cores shows that sedimentation began in bog conditions. The lakes in the area existed till the Atlantic period, when due to sea transgression they became filled with sandy sediments. The third unit is built mainly of fine sand, locally medium sand, even with addition of gravel. Basing on the presence of marine fauna, this unit is classified as marine sand.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarmila Krzymińska
Piotr Przedziecki

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