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Number of results: 8
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Abstract

The article describes important issues related to obtaining fundamental information used in the maritime spatial planning process. It presents practically aproached selected results of undertaken work, where the quality of spatial information may affect the decisions and final results of study works, therefore geoinformation is extremely important.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Szydłowski
Joanna Witkowska
Joanna Pardus
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Abstract

According to International Energy Agency (IEA) energy security is the continuous supply of energy at acceptable prices. National energy is based primarily on its own energy resources such as hard coal and brown coal. The 88% of electric energy production from these minerals gives us full energy independence. Additionally, the energy production costs from these raw materials are the lowest compared to other technologies. Of these two, the energy produced from brown coal is characterized by the lowest unit technical generating cost. Poland has the resources of these minerals for decades to come, the experience related to mining and processing them, scientific and design facilities and technical facilities and factories producing machines and equipment for their own needs, as well as for export. Coal is and should remain an important source of electricity and heat supply in Poland for the next 25–50 years. It is one of the most reliable and profitable energy sources. This policy may be difficult in the next decades due to the exhaustion of the available resources of hard and brown coal. The conditions for the construction of new mines, and thus for the development of coal mining in Poland, are very interdisciplinary in legal, environmental, economic and reputational terms. Germany has similar problems. Despite the fact that it is an image of a country investing in renewable energy sources, which are pioneers of energy production from RES, in reality hard and brown coal are still the primary sources utilized to produce electric energy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kasztelewicz
Miranda Ptak
Mateusz Sikora
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Abstract

The paper deals with the problems of designing observers and unknown input observers for discrete-time Lipschitz non-linear systems. In particular, with the use of the Lyapunov method, three different convergence criteria of the observer are developed. Based on the achieved results, three different design procedures are proposed. Then, it is shown how to extend the proposed approach to the systems with unknown inputs. The final part of the paper presents illustrative examples that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The paper also presents a MATLAB® function that implements one of the design procedures.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Korbicz
M. Witczak
V. Puig
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Abstract

This paper presents the situation of coal mining in Slovakia, focusing on the social-political aspects and environmental aspects of its sustainable development. In recent years, the mining of lignite and brown coal in Slovakia has been closely linked to the production of electricity and heat in the Novaky power plant. Domestic brown coal production covered more than three quarters of demand in the Slovak Republic in the last few years. The sustainability of coal mining in the coming years in Slovakia is closely associated with raw materials reserves, new mining technologies, the development of the Novaky power plant, and the government's commitments to national economic interests through securing the energy supply or state aid. Of course, of these factors must be considered in the context of international obligations, such as those related to climate and environment, particularly air protection.

The three most important Slovak brown coal deposits are located in the Upper Nitra Basin. This territory includes areas in the 5th and 4th degrees of environmental quality, signifying a disturbed and very disturbed environment. Since coal is expected to remain the dominant fuel for electricity generation araund the world, and in particular for many of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, it is necessary to create conditions for the environmental sustainability of coal mining in the coming years within the context of international obligations. Both the security and the stability of the electricity network in Slovakia and maintaining employment levels in the Upper Nitra region play important roles in this discussion.

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a newmining technology and a technology for gas recovery in situ.

A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of underground coal gasification was carried out in addition to summarization of the expected impacts in terms of the significance and distribution of the time period.

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the proposed action, it can be stated that it could bring a socially unacceptable risk to the area, specifically the significant impairment of health or the environment (groundwater and nearby hot springs in Bojnice). The implementation of operations could affect the opulation's health, since the partition is placed in close proximity to residential areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

Erika Skvarekova
Lubica Kozakova
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Abstract

In the paper the mathematical approach of cadastre performance in time dimension is proposed. It is an amplification of the mathematical model of cadastre, which has been formulated by the Author before by means of the set theory.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Szeliga
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Abstract

The paper is devoted to the control of operability of Peltier modules based on the analysis of transient modes of their operation. Advantages of using low-power thermoelectric modules for the development of thermoelectric plants with adaptive control systems for the needs of the agricultural complex, which significantly reduce their cost characteristics, are shown. The problem of using the stationary mode of their operation, associated with the low efficiency of the modules, as well as the dynamic mode, associated with the presence of transient processes, is indicated. It is noted that overcoming this problem requires solution of the task of automation of reliability providing the well-known approaches to its solution are shown, for which the key advantages and disadvantages are given. An approach is proposed to complex control of the operability and quality of thermoelectric modules during their expluatation in three components of the physical process of thermoelectric conversion (Peltier thermoelectric effect, electrical and thermal transfer phenomena) by analyzing transients in the system based on identification algorithms. To justify it, the necessary equations and mathematical relations are given. Aprobating of the proposed approach was carried out experimentally by determining the time constants for operable and defective commercially available modules and showed its significant advantages over the standard verification procedure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleg Rudolfovich Kuzichkin
1
Igor Sergeevich Konstantinov
2
Gleb Sergeevich Vasilyev
1
Dmitry Igorevich Surzhik
1

  1. Belgorod State University, Pobedy 85, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
  2. Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Listvennichnaya 5, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract

This study includes the results of investigations carried out on the Bytomka River which were made from September 2003 to January 2004. The results emphasized the changes of physico-chemical parameters of water quality. Low concentration of dissolved oxygen and high concentration of ammonium nitrogen and COD are probably caused by the discharge of municipal waste-water. High salinity is caused by coal-mines water from the river basin area. All of the discussed parameters of water quality (except for pH-index and nitrate nitrogen) are beyond official classification. Although in the river basin area there are currently activities which protect the environment, no changes of water quality have been observed except for the salinity which is growing up all the time. Improvement of the existing situation will be possible only if firm waste-water managements action is taken.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Nocoń
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Kostecki
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Hydro-ethanolic extracts of flowers from four Verbascum species were evaluated for the phenolic content, composition, and antioxidant activity using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, HPLC-DAD analysis, and DPPH assay, respectively. The highest flavonoid content was detected in V. sinuatum extract from Khoramabad (19.91 mg RE/g DW). The extract of V. pseudo-digitalis from Maymand yielded the highest amount of total phenols, together with the highest apigenin and luteolin levels (55.62 mg GAE/g DW, 12.18 and 88.13 μg/mg DW, respectively), while that of V. songaricum from Ardekan showed the highest naringin content (12.44 μg/mg DW). The extract of V. songaricum from Shirmard exhibited the highest quercetin and rutin levels (1.0 and 24.24 μg/mg DW, respectively), whereas that of V. sinuatum from Ardekan had the highest caffeic acid content (7.78 μg/mg DW). The antioxidant activity of Verbascum samples showed IC50 values from 45.12 to 226.62 μg/mL.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fatemeh Jamshidi-Kia
Karamatollah Saeidi
Zahra Lorigooini
Filippo Maggi

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