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Abstract

The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of a tactile attention distraction from pain and compare its effectiveness with a virtual reality (VR) distraction on an analogous task. VR is considered to be the gold standard for attention distraction, but it cannot be used in certain clinical cases or for particular medical procedures. A repeatedmeasures experimental study was carried out with 42 participants using tactile and VR variants of an n-back task and a cold pressor test for pain. The independent variable was the distraction type (tactile, VR, or no-distraction) and the dependent variable was pain tolerance (i.e., time participants kept their hand in cold water). The results showed that both tactile and VR games effectively increased pain tolerance compared to the control condition. Effect sizes for both interventions were similar. However, the effect was observed only for female participants.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Czub
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Bagrij
1

  1. Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław
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Abstract

There is an ongoing search for technologies that guarantee soybean productivity. Among them, the application of phytosanitary products stands out, since the sprayer is the most required implement during the agricultural production cycle and each error, in practice, represents a loss in the production process. With this in mind, the objective of this work was to evaluate the volume captured and the characteristics of the application in the different thirds of soybean plants with variations in hydraulic nozzles and spray volumes, as well as the use of electrification of the drops. To this end, a field experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 summer harvest in an experimental area at the University of Rio Verde. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3 × 4), with four repetitions, in which the first factor consisted of three variations of spray nozzles (simple fan, hollow cone and hollow cone with electrification of the drops). The second factor involved four application rates (50, 100, 150 and 200 l · ha–1). The variables evaluated were the number of drops per cm–2, percentage of coverage, volume median diameter (VMD) and the captured volume (μl · cm–2). According to the results, for the upper thirds, an increase in the application rate increased the volume of captured syrup. However, for the lower third, the factors evaluated did not interfere in this characteristic. The hydraulic tips influenced the density of droplets in the three thirds and the coverage only in the lower one. The increasing rates of application, increases the density of drops and percentage of coverage in the different thirds of the plants. The evaluated factors had no effect on the syrup distribution on the median abaxial surface of the leaves.
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Authors and Affiliations

Carlos Eduardo Leite Mello
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduardo Lima do Carmo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gustavo André Simon
1
ORCID: ORCID
João Vitor Alves de Sousa
1
Ana Carolina Pereira dos Reis
1
Marco Túlio Moura Leite
1
Gabriel Elias Soares de Araújo
1

  1. Agronomia, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
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Abstract

The modified air gap torque method to determine the efficiency of squirrelcage induction motor was presented. of testing which continues the authors' work on application of AGT method to estimating induction motor's efficiency are discussed. The proposed method is verified in a number of selected low-power motors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Figura
Leszek Szychta
Roman Kwiecień

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