The knowledge of heat transfer processes inside a compressor cylinder is very important from the technical point of view. An adiabatic model of compression can be assumed in theoretical investigations. In practice, the compressor cylinder is always coo_led to decrease the compression work and to reduce the final temperature of a medium being compressed. This paper presents applications of the NANMAC eroding thermocouples to record temperature time histories of surfaces taking a part in the heat exchange during the compression cycle. The thermocouple construction and junction technology ensure a very small thermal inertia. The response time is of the order of I O μs. The eroding thermocouple was used to measure an instantaneous surface temperature of a plate closing the cylinder and the piston head temperature. Because of very low value of the thermoelectric signal, an amplifier of a very high gain and reasonable bandwidth was required. This induced noise of significant amplitude. The recorded experimental data were numerically processed in order to exclude the noise of measurement circuits, and then the data were used to calculate local heat flux rates. To ensure repeatability of the measurements, the experiments were canied out in a specially prepared set-up allowing single compression cycles to be performed.