In pelagic catches of the Polish BIOMASS III Expedition 24 fish species belonging to 6 families were encountered. Pleuragramma antarcticum, Electrona antarctica and Protomyctophum bolini dominated in the Bransfield Strait. Pagothenia brachysoma was abundant in the region of Elephant Island. The presence of juvenile Channichthyidae was recorded in this area only in January. In comparison with observations in other seasons an increased frequency of Chaenodraco wilsoni and decreased frequency of Chaenocephalus aceratus was noted.

Short ancestry of the modern citizen of Gdańsk encourages reflection of factors constituting his distinctness. Rapid exchange of population after the World War II disrupted the cultural continuity of Gdańsk society. Despite immense damage, material substance of the city, life environment of both former and new citizens of Gdańsk, turned out to be potentially the only significant bonding element for their identity. With time, the initial national narration was replaced with a favourable overview of the past, which had been previously suppressed and has been escaping the desirable scheme of the Polish identity. Gdańsk inhabitants were accompanied by the city landscape throughout the entire period of changes in consciousness. The landscape, which was erected from ruins in its most prominent attributes, which was undergoing constant spatial changes in the following years, supported the continuity of the emerging common city identity.

Redundant constraints in MBS models severely deteriorate the computational performance and accuracy of any numerical MBS dynamics simulation method. Classically this problem has been addressed by means of numerical decompositions of the constraint Jacobian within numerical integration steps. Such decompositions are computationally expensive. In this paper an elimination method is discussed that only requires a single numerical decomposition within the model preprocessing step rather than during the time integration. It is based on the determination of motion spaces making use of Lie group concepts. The method is able to reduce the set of loop constraints for a large class of technical systems. In any case it always retains a sufficient number of constraints. It is derived for single kinematic loops.