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Abstract

Pepper yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (PepYLCTHV) causes leaf curl disease in chili production regions of the tropics and subtropics. Information on PepYLCTHV disease severity and resistance in chili pepper is still limited in Thailand. This study reports PepYLCTHV disease severity through graft inoculation and selection of single resistant plants for use in a chili breeding program. Twenty-one chili genotypes consisting of the local cultivar (5) collected from Thailand, breeding lines (9) developed at Khon Kaen University (KKU), Thailand and improved lines (7) obtained from the World Vegetable Center, Taiwan were used in this study. Forty-five-day-old seedlings of all the genotypes were graft inoculated with PepYLCTHV in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and 10 plants per replication and kept in a plastic net house. Disease symptoms were scored at 20, 27, 34, 41 48, and 55 days after graft/inoculation (DAI). Disease severity was visually recorded using 0−5 scores. Results showed that the disease severity of 21 chili genotypes significantly differed at 48 days after grafting. High resistance and stability were shown by 9853-123 genotypes. Two genotypes, PSP11-7 and PSP11-10-1, showed resistant reaction with disease severity scores of 1.9 and 1.8, respectively. However, among 21 chili genotypes or 630 grafted plants, 302 plants were successfully grafted inoculated plants. Therefore, from the results of this work, highly resistant plants (69 single plants) can be selected, selfed and advanced for breeding.
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Bibliography


Anaya-López J.L., Torres-Pacheco I., González-Chavira M., Garzon-Tiznado J.A., Pons-Hernandez J.L. 2003. Resistance to geminivirus mixed infections in mexican wild peppers. Journal American Society Horticultural Science 38 (2): 251–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.38.2.251
Barchenger D.W., Jeeatid N., Lin S.W., Wang Y.W., Lin T.H., Chan Y.L., Kenyon L. 2019. A novel source of resistance to Pepper yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (PepYLCThV) (Begomovirus) in chile pepper. Journal American Society Horticultural Science 54 (12): 2146−2149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14484-19
Chiemsombat P., Srikamphung B., Yule S., Srinivasan R. 2018. Begomoviruses associated to pepper yellow Leaf curl disease in Thialand. Journal of Agricultural Research 3 (7): 000183. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2017. Agricultural Production: Primary crops. Available on: http://apps.fao.org. [Accessed: 25 January 2020]
Kumar R., Rai N., Kakpale N. 1999. Field reaction of some chilli genotypes for leaf curl virus in Chhattisgarh region of India. The Orissa Journal of Horticulture 27: 100−102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5471
Kumar S., Kumar S., Singh M., Singh A.K., Rai M. 2006. Identification of host plant resistant to pepper leaf curl virus in chilli (Capsicum species). Scientia Horticulturae 110: 359−361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.030
Kumar S., Kumar R., Kumar S., Singh A.K., Singh M., Rai A.B., Rai A.B. 2011. Incidence of leaf curl disease on capsicum germplasm under field conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 81: 187−189.
Mishra M.D., Raychaudhuri S.P., Jha A. 1963. Virus causing leaf curl of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). International Journal of Microbiology 3: 73–76.
Rai V.P.R., Kumar S., Singh P., Kumar S., Singh M., Rai M. 2014. Monogenic recessive resistant to pepper by leaf curl virus in an interspecific cross of Capsicum. Scientia Horticulturae 172: 34−38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.039
Sakata J.J., Shibuya Y., Sharma P., Ikegami M. 2008. Strains of a new bipartite begomovirus, Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus, in leaf-curl-diseased tomato and yellow-veindiseased ageratum in Indonesia. Archives of Virology 153 (12): 2307−2313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0254-z
Sangsotkaew Y., Jeeartid N., Siri N., Thummabenjapone P., Chatchawankanphanich O., Phuangrat B., Techawongstien S. 2018. Phenotypic responses of putative resistance chili cultivars infected by PepLCV with viruliferous whitefly transmission. Acta Horticulturae 67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-045-5.54.
Shih S.L., Tsai W. S., Lee L.M., Wang J.T., Green S.K., Kenyon L. 2010. First report of tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus associated with pepper leaf curl disease in Taiwan. Plant Disease 94 (5): 637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0637B
Srivastava A., Mangal M., Saritha R.K., Kalia P. 2017. Screening of chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) lines for resistance to the Begomovirus causing chili leaf curl disease in India. Journal of Crop Protection 100: 177–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.06.015
Tsai W., Shih S., Green S., Rauf A., Hidayat S., Jan F.J. 2006. Molecular characterization of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in leaf curl and yellowing diseased tomato and pepper in Indonesia. Plant Disease 90 (2): 247−247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-90-0247B
Tsai W.S., Shih S.L., Kenyon L., Green S.K., Jan F.J. 2011. Temporal distribution and pathogenicity of the predominant tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Taiwan. Plant Pathology 60: 787−799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02424.x
Verlaan M.G., Hutton S.F., Ibrahem R.M., Kormelink R., Visser R.G.F., Scott J.W., Edwards J.D., Bai Y. 2013. The tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance genes Ty-1 and Ty-3 are allelic and code for DFDGD-Class RNA–Dependent RNA polymerases. PLoS Genetics 9 (3): e1003399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003399
Zehra S.B., Ahmad A., Sharma A., Sofi S., Lateef A., Bashir Z., Husain M., Rathore J.P. 2017. Chilli leaf curl virus an emerging threat to chilli in India. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences 5 (5): 404−414.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patcharaporn Suwor
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tawatchai Masirayanan
1
Hathairat Khingkumpungk
1
Wen Shi Tsai
2
Kanjana Saetiew
1
Suchila Techawongstien
3
Sanjeet Kumar
4
Somsak Kramchote
1

  1. Plant Production of Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
  2. Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
  3. Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
  4. Pepper Breeding Section, Plant Geneticist and Breeder (Independent), India
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of betaine (Bet) and protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplementation individually and together on the performance, carcass traits, blood biochemistry, and meat quality of growing Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix Japonica) from 1 to 42 days old. 144 one-day-old unsexed Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with six replicates each. All birds were fed a maize-soybean meal diet for 42 days. The control group received no feed additives, while the treatment groups received 1.2 g/kg Bet, 1.0 g/kg PCB, or a combination of both in their diets. The results indicated that Bet and PCB supplementation individually and together did not differ performance, relative weights of heart, gizzard, proventriculus, bursa of Fabricius and pancreas, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), blood biochemical values except for glucose and triglyceride. Bet supplementation significantly increased relative liver weights, while PCB supplementation decreased glucose levels in serum. Moreover, carcass yield was increased and triglyceride value in blood serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the pH levels of breast meats both on the 1st and 30st day of post-mortem were decreased in all treatment groups. Therefore, based on these results, the combination of betaine and butyrate improves both carcass yield and meat quality in growing Japanese quails. More research is needed to determine the impact of betaine and butyrate on the structure of amino acids in meat, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the immune system in poultry.
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Gümüş
1
B. Sevim
2
O. Olgun
3
S. Küçükersan
4

  1. Department of Veterinary, Eskil Vocational School, Aksaray University, Şehit Recep Bozdağ Cad., 68800 Eskil, Aksaray, Turkey
  2. Department of Food Processing, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, Hacılar Harmanı Mah, 12. Bulvar No:2, Merkez, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
  3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Alaeaddin Keykubat Yerleşkesi, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
  4. Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Zübeyde Hanım Mahallesi Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Bulvarı No: 9/C, 06070, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract

The paper critically considers Alfried Längle’s view presented in his book Gdy rodzi się pytanie o sens. Praktyczne zastosowanie logoterapii [ When the Question of Sense Arises. The Practical Application of Logotherapy] (Warszawa 2016). It invites to reflection focused on the problem of the sense of existence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Błaszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Humanistyczny, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, Fosa Staromiejska 3, 87-100 Toruń
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Abstract

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of shot peening on the condition of the surface layer and abrasion resistance of specimens made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process. The specimens have been produced by means of EOSINT M280 system dedicated for laser sintering of metal powders and their surfaces have been subjected to the shot peening process under three different working pressures (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa) and by means of three different media i.e. CrNi steel shot, crushed nut shells and ceramic balls. The specimens have been subjected to profilometric analysis, to SEM examinations, microhardness tests and to tribological tests on ball-on-disc stand in Ringer fluid environment. The general results of all tests indicate to favourable effect of shot peening process on the hardness and tribological performance of titanium alloy.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Żebrowski
M. Walczak

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