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Abstract

Background: The concept of negative transgression describes behavior as crossing personal limits in destruction against oneself or other people. Theoretically, personality dimensions have been distinguished that may trigger or weaken negative transgression, e.g. empathy and anxiety.
Aims: The goal of this study was to empirically verify the relationship between negative transgression and empathy and fear in the perpetrators of violence against close relatives. Our hypothesis was that negative transgression would be associated with poor empathy, but with a high level of anxiety.
Methods: The examined persons from the group of male prisoners (N = 50) were recruited in one of the prisons in Poland. The participants were convicted of domestic violence – or intimate partner violence. Their age ranged from 21 to 50 years.
Results: The results obtained confirm the hypotheses established, showing that prisoners have an increased level of negative transgression and anxiety, and a decreased level of empathy.
Conclusions: This first study shows that more research is needed on negative transgression with different personality dimensions. Also in the process of reclamation of prisoners, it is worth developing empathy and dealing with anxiety. Then the number of negative behaviors in close relationships will decrease.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Ślaski
1

  1. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University
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Abstract

The article describes a new test method to quickly evaluate the durability of a protective coating to dynamic contact with liquid metal. The essence of the method is the movement of a drop of liquid metal inside a rotating ring, covered from the inside with the protective coating under test. The parameters determined in the test are analogous to the classic pin-on-disk tribological test. The method was tested for the system: liquid alloy 2017A vs. AlTiN coating on a copper substrate. The test temperature was 750°C, and exposure times ranged from 30 to 90 minutes. Sliding path equivalent for the metal droplet/coating system ranged from 31.6 to 95 m. The study, which included visual evaluation of the surface of the samples, followed by phase and microstructural analysis, showed the high efficiency of the method for assessing the lifetime of protective coatings on contact with liquid metal. The investigated issue was also analyzed from the model side taking into account changes in the diffusion coefficient at the contact of liquid metal with the substrate, occurring with the progressive degradation of the protective coating.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Pałka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Boczkal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Hotloś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grażyna Mrówka-Nowotnik
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Rzeszów University of Technology, Department of Material Science Al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

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