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Abstract

This paper investigates the influence of 1%, 2% and 3% zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles to the melting, microstructural and mechanical properties of the Sn58Bi solder. Melting temperatures of 145.11°C, 140.89°C and 143.84°C were attained correspondingly for the 1%, 2% and 3% ZrO2 reinforced Sn58Bi solder. The microstructures especially the spacing between the lamellar structures of the Sn58Bi solder alloy was narrower for 1% ZrO2 added with Sn58Bi solder alloy. The highest and lowest hardness value of 32.28 HV and 27.62 HV was recorded for 1% and 2% ZrO2 additions respectively. Highest shear strength value was noted for the 3% ZrO2 added SnBi/Copper joint with 0.8712 kN, while the lowest value of 0.4380 kN noted for the 1% ZrO2 added SnBi/Copper joint. The presence of small-sized ZrO2 nanoparticles can be seen to be properly dispersed at the solder joint to increase the shear load at maximum joint stress.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Amares
1 2
R. Durairaj
2
S.H. Kuan
2

  1. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
  2. Center of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, SEGi University No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya , Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract

Green spaces are an integral element of urban structures. They are not only a place of rest for their users, but also positively affect their well-being and health. The eff ect of these spaces, is the better, the smoother they create larger urban layout – stings of greenery. The introduction of urban greenery can and should be one of the basic elements of revitalization. Often, however, greenery is designed without multi-aspect analysis, enabling understanding of conditions and the use of existing potential in a given place. The use of computational design in conjunction with the use of generally available databases, such as numerical SRTM terrain models, publicly available OSM map database and EPW meteorological data, allows for the design of space in a more comprehensive way. These design methods allow better matching of the greenery design in a given area to specific architectural, urban and environmental conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucyna Nyka
Jan Cudzik
Kacper Radziszewski
Dominik Sędzicki
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Abstract

The agglomeration of particles is a process that modifies the physical properties of a product originally manufactured as a powder. During milk powder agglomeration of fluidized bed, resulting agglomerates are sufficiently porous to improve the solubility of the final product but, at the same time, their rigidity decreases and agglomerates can be destroyed during packing. The porosity and rigidity properties depend on both the volume and shape characteristics of the agglomerates. This paper presents a three-dimensional reconstruction technique based on a laser displacement sensor (LDS) applied to characterize milk agglomerates. This technique allows three-dimensional scanning to estimate particle volume and extract shape parameters such as: sphericity, elongation and flatness ratio, shape factor and aspect ratio. This technique was implemented using a mechatronic device with two degrees of freedom. The device is composed of an angular positioning system to rotate the agglomerate and a linear positioning system to displace the LDS. Experimental result allows agglomerates classification according to shape parameters

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Authors and Affiliations

J. P. Zavala De Paz
E. Castillo Castañeda
J. Soto Herrera
C. Turchiuli

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