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Abstract

The document presents current methods of forecasting aggregate production, mainly depending on the size and dynamics of changes in GDP. With a view to developing more accurate forecasts, this article presents the dependence of extraction and consumption of mineral aggregates used in construction on two indicators: the general business climate indicator in the construction industry and the cement consumption volume. The results obtained from regression and correlation analysis turned out more favourable for the dependence of aggregates production on cement consumption. This particularly applies to the dependence of sand and gravel aggregate production and total natural aggregate production on cement consumption. Good dependence has also been confirmed for other European countries as well as for the USA. For Poland, the indicator of sand and gravel aggregates production for cement production in recent years was between 9.5 and 12 Mg/Mg. The values of this indicator vary from country to country, mainly depending on the share of different types of aggregates in total production of aggregates in construction industry. Although the indicator values vary considerably, its advantage is that cement production is identified and included in the industrial production balance sheets of most countries, which is not the case when it comes to the identification or accurate record for the production of construction aggregates. The adoption of this indicator makes it possible to monitor the extraction of natural construction aggregates for individual countries and regions more accurately, as called for – among other things – by UN resolutions.
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Bibliography


[1] I. R. Baic, W. Kozioł, Aggregates production in Poland and other selected countries – an analysis of dependence on cement production, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management. Vol. 36. Issue. 3, pp. 59–73, 2020 https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2020.133938
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[9] W. Kozioł, I. Baic, Kruszywa naturalne w Polsce – aktualny stan i przyszłość (Natural aggregates in Poland – current condition and the future). Przegląd Górniczy. No. 11, pp. 1–8, 2018.
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[16] Wskaźniki koniunktury w budownictwie (General business climate indicators). GUS, 2020.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Ryszard Baic
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wiesław Kozioł
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Miros
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institue of Mechanised Construction & Rock Mining, Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

In this article I use Roman Ingarden’s conceptual apparatus to show how the category of purely intentional objects can be used to analyze the consciousness of subjects who reside in intentional worlds and experience internal states invoked in their minds by sources external to them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Leszczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

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