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Abstract

The paper presents the key-finding algorithm based on the music signature concept. The proposed music signature is a set of 2-D vectors which can be treated as a compressed form of representation of a musical content in the 2-D space. Each vector represents different pitch class. Its direction is determined by the position of the corresponding major key in the circle of fifths. The length of each vector reflects the multiplicity (i.e. number of occurrences) of the pitch class in a musical piece or its fragment. The paper presents the theoretical background, examples explaining the essence of the idea and the results of the conducted tests which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for finding the key based on the analysis of the music signature. The developed method was compared with the key-finding algorithms using Krumhansl-Kessler, Temperley and Albrecht-Shanahan profiles. The experiments were performed on the set of Bach preludes, Bach fugues and Chopin preludes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Kania
Paulina Kania
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Abstract

General lighting is the most common way of illuminating interiors and the source of electricity consumption in buildings. This fact forces the search for lighting solutions effective both for people and the environment. In this study the impact of room and luminaire characteristics on general lighting conditions and energy efficiency in interiors is considered. In rooms of different sizes and reflectances, seventeen luminaire types with various light distributions were arranged in uniform layouts. The levels of average illuminance, uniformity and normalised power density related to two horizontal working planes were calculated. The impact of working plane reduction, room index and reflectances, lighting class and luminous intensity distribution of luminaire on the considered parameters was investigated. The use of the reduced working plane resulted in the increase in the average illuminance (7.7% on average), uniformity (33% on average) and normalised power density (23% on average). The impact of the room index and lighting class on the average illuminance and normalised power density was significant while the impact of the luminaire luminous intensity distribution and room reflectances was low. The normalised power density levels of the general electric lighting in interiors, with luminaire luminous efficacy of 100 lm/W, are in the following range: 1.08‒3.42 W/m² per 100 lx. Based on these results a normalised power density level of 2 W/m² per 100 lx is recommended for designing and assessing the new general electric lighting systems in buildings.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Pracki

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