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Abstract

The paper presents the results of laboratory tests concerning the possibility of utilizing activated carbons produced in Poland, as well as of non-conventional adsorbents, such as modified Clarion clay and clinoptylolite, for removing methylene blue from water. The objective of tests carried out was a quantitative formulation of the adsorption process, as well as the determination of the effects of various factors on its course. The attempt was taken to solve the tasks defined in the objective of the study using model experimental systems. The methylene blue solution in concentration 20 mg/dm', prepared on the basis of distilled water, was used as adsorbate. Adsorption processes, conducted in batch mode (in no-flow conditions), were best described by the Freundlich isotherms. On the basis of the isotherms the adsorptive capacity of tested adsorbents was calculated. The throughflow conditions were realized by a columnar filtration method. On the basis of obtained results the breakthrough curves (isoplanes) were plotted. The adsorptive capacities, determined on the basis of isoplanes reached 27--41 mg/g, 14.89 mg/g and 5.54 mg/g for activated carbons, modified Clarion clay and clinoptylolite, respectively. Exit curves (isoplanes) served for defining the mass transfer zone (the adsorption front height), a., well as for calculating the mass-exchange-zone moving rate. Despite their inferior adsorptive characteristics the modified Clarion clay and clinoptylolite may be taken into account as shielding materials in relation to activated carbons.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jadwiga Kaleta
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is considered a reliable assessment method of a balance between cerebral oxygen demand and supply. One of forms of anaesthesia applied during extensive abdominal surgical procedures is the epidural anaesthesia. Its application in addition to the general anaesthesia is a commonly accepted form of anaesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that epidural blocks may have eff ects on cerebral saturation in patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia.

M e t h o d s: Cerebral saturation was monitored intrasurgically. Reduction of cerebral oxymetry by over 25% in relation to the baseline, or cerebral oxymetry value below 50% was considered clinically significant.

R e s u l t s: One hundred and one (101) subsequent and non-randomised patients, age between 35 and 84 years (mean 64 ± 10) qualifi ed for major abdominal surgeries were enrolled. In 14 (13.9%) patients of 101 enrolled a clinically signifi cant reduction of cerebral saturation was observed. In 50 (49.5%) of the enrolled patients, the epidural anaesthesia was applied along the general anaesthesia. A clinically signifi cant reduction of cerebral saturation was observed in 9 of them. No statistically significant association was found between the application of epidural anaesthesia and development of cerebral desaturation.

C o n c l u s i o n: The application of epidural anaesthesia caused no clinically significant reduction of cerebral saturation during the general anaesthesia in course of major abdominal surgical procedures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Składzień
Janusz Andres
Artur Pasternak
Jerzy Wordliczek
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printed model of the renal vasculature shows a high level of accuracy of subsequent divisions of both the arterial and the venous tree. However, minor artifacts appeared in the form of oval endings to the terminal branches of the vascular tree, contrary to the anticipated sharply pointed segments. Unfortunately, selective laser sintering process does not currently permit to present the arterial, venous and urinary systems in distinct colors, hence topographic relationship between the vas-cular and the pelvicalyceal systems is difficult to attain. Nonetheless, the 3D printed model can be used for educational purposes to demonstrate the vast renal vasculature and may also serve as a reference model whilst evaluating morphological anomalies of the intrarenal vasculature in a surgical setting.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Katarzyna Heryan
2
Jacek Tarasiuk
3
Sebastian Wroński
3
Klaudia Proniewska
4
Piotr Walecki
4
Michał Zarzecki
1
Grzegorz Goncerz
1
Jerzy Walocha
1

  1. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Anatomy, Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Measurement and Electronics, Kraków, Poland
  3. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Kraków, Poland
  4. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) represents an acute systolic left ventricular dysfunction typically triggered by severe psychological or physical stress. Oncological patients due to emotional distress of the diagnosis, proinflammatory and prothrombotic nature of cancer and also physical stress often following complex anticancer therapies are at high-risk of TCM. Moreover, there are also few reports of TCM associated with oncological treatment, mostly chemotherapy. Recent data from large registries indicate a surprisingly high incidence of malignancy in TCM, significant differences in clinical characteristics and unfavorable short- and long-term clinical outcomes in this specific group of patients. Therefore, we present two case reports of TCM that occurred during active anticancer therapy. Both women were admitted with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome. The first patient underwent mastectomy two years before due to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and on admission she was during adjuvant hormonotherapy with tamoxifen. The admission of the second patient was preceded by fifteen fractions of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy due to intermediate-risk endometrial cancer after radical hysterectomy. Based on coronary angiography type I of acute coronary syndrome was excluded. Both patients negated stressful situations in the period immediately before the symptoms onset. Within hospital course baseline apical ballooning observed in both cases fully recovered and enabled subsequent completion of oncological treatment in accordance with adopted treatment protocols without recurrence of TCM. To our knowledge, presented cases are the first reports showing direct relationship between TCM and adjuvant hormonotherapy with tamoxifen or pelvic radiotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Stępień
Karol Nowak
Paweł Pasieka
Konrad Warmuz
Adam Stępień
Jadwiga Nessler
Jarosław Zalewski

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