The goal of the studies undertaken in Polish national parks was to determine noise threats, examine the resources, assess the quality of soundscapes and identify the possibilities of their protection. The questionnaire method used in the studies made it possible to identify the awareness of noise threats and the value of soundscapes according to the park service staff. In addition, the semantic differential and description methods were used to learn how students assessed the soundscape quality of Polish national parks. Finally, avenues of further research on soundscape in environmentally valuable areas were indicated. The research findings indicate that each national park in Poland is characterised by diverse and unique soundscapes and is subject to the pressure of road traffic and tourism resulting in noise hazards. The conservation of the acoustic values of parks is necessary and possible.

W artykule analizuje się oraz interpretuje mit Seneki-Hiszpana oraz kwestię wpływu stoicyzmu na hiszpańską filozofię, literaturę oraz kulturę. Autorka zaczyna od wskazania źródeł, które ujmują Senekę jako pierwszego filozofa hiszpańskiego, następnie ukazuje elementy stoickie w hiszpańskiej literaturze na przestrzeni dziejów. Ostatnią część tekstu stanowi analiza roli Seneki w rozwoju filozofii XX-wiecznej pisarki i myślicielki Maríi Zambrano oraz kontekstu społeczno-politycznego jej twórczości. To w głównej mierze bowiem Zambrano przyczyniła się do umocnienia mitu o Senece-Hiszpanie oraz o stoickości Hiszpanii.

The paper concerns the problem of state assignment for finite state machines (FSM), targeting at PAL-based CPLDs implementations. Presented in the paper approach is dedicated to state encoding of fast automata. The main idea is to determine the number of logic levels of the transition function before the state encoding process, and keep the constraints during the process. The number of implicants of every single transition function must be known while assigning states, so elements of two level minimization based on Primary and Secondary Merging Conditions are implemented in the algorithm. The method is based on code length extraction if necessary. In one of the most basic stages of the logic synthesis of sequential devices, the elements referring to constraints of PAL-based CPLDs are taken into account.