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Abstract

The main source of information on the abundance of polymetallic nodules (APN) is the results of direct seafloor sampling, mainly using box corers. Due to the vast spread of nodule occurrence in the Pacific, the distances between successive sampling sites are significant. This makes it difficult to reliably estimate the nodule resources, especially in parts of the deposit with small areas corresponding to the areas scheduled for extraction in the short term (e.g. within one year). It seems justified to try to increase the accuracy of nodule resource estimates through the use of information provided by numerous photos of the ocean floor taken between sampling stations. In particular, the percentage of nodule coverage of the ocean floor (NC), the data on fraction distribution of nodules (FD) and the coverage of nodules with sediments (SC) are important here. In the presented study, three regression models were used to predict the nodule abundance from images: simple linear regression (SLR), multiple regression (MR), and general linear model (GLM). The GLM provides the most accurate prediction of nodule abundance (APN) due to the ability of this model to simultaneously take into account both quantitative variable (NC) and qualitative variables (FD, SC). The mean absolute errors of APN prediction are in the range of 1.0–1.7 kg/m2, which is 7–13% of the average nodule abundance determined for training or testing data sets. This result can be considered satisfactory for predicting the abundance in ocean floor areas covered only by photographic survey.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Wasilewska-Błaszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Mucha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Techology, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Analiza programów nauczania socjologii daje asumpt do refleksji nad kształtem i perspektywami rozwoju dyscypliny. Artykuł przedstawia program z „socjologii wielkich struktur społecznych”, jaki obowiązywał studentów trzeciego roku socjologii w Instytucie Socjologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w roku akademickim 1989–1990. Obecne programy z makrosocjologii dla studentów studiów licencjackich są skromniejsze zarówno pod względem przerabianego materiału, jak i ram czasowych, co w dużej mierze wynika z reformy studiów. Wszakże trzon makrosocjologii pozostaje ten sam, z naciskiem na mechanizmy powstawania i utrzymywania nierówności społecznych wewnątrzkrajowych i międzykrajowych. Czy zajęcia z tego przedmiotu powinny koncentrować się raczej na substantywnej wiedzy („kto, co kiedy ustalił”), czy raczej na narzędziach prowadzących do osiągania wiedzy („jakie są dane i co należy z nimi robić”)? Zachęcając do dyskusji na ten temat, w artykule przedstawiono argumenty za odejściem od dotychczasowej praktyki i potraktowanie ukształtowanego już kanonu uczenia „socjologii wielkich struktur społecznych” jako historycznej bazy, na której należy zbudować coś nowego – zajęcia zorientowane praktycznie.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz M. Słomczyński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Celem artykułu była weryfikacja założenia o istnieniu zależności pomiędzy zaufaniem instytucjonalnym a zaufaniem uogólnionym w krajach europejskich. Zaufanie instytucjonalne analizowano przez pryzmat dwóch wymiarów: zaufania do instytucji reprezentacyjnych i zaufania do instytucji implementacyjnych. Pierwszy wymiar objął oceny zaufania do takich podmiotów jak partie polityczne, parlament i rząd. W wymiarze drugim uwzględniono oceny zaufania do systemu oświaty, policji, urzędów administracji państwowej, systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych, ochrony zdrowia oraz sądownictwa. Dane pochodzące z Europejskiego Sondażu Wartości roku 2017 analizowano wykorzystując hierarchiczne modelowanie liniowe. Dzięki zastosowanej metodzie w modelach statystycznych ujęto zmienne zarówno poziomu indywidualnego, jak i wskaźniki krajowe. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdziły istnienie pozytywnej zależności pomiędzy zaufaniem instytucjonalnym, w jego reprezentacyjnej, jak i implementacyjnej formie, a zaufaniem uogólnionym.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Masłyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica w Krakowie
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Abstract

Echo z Polski ( Echo from Poland) published in New York in 1863 was the first Polish-language newspaper to appear in the Western hemisphere. The oldest Polish humour magazine in the United States was Osa ( The Wasp), started in New York by Julian Czupka in 1886. It lasted only a few months, but soon after its closure similar 'funny papers' — Bocian ( The Stork), Kukuryku ( Cock-a-doodle-do), Śmiech ( Laughter), Zabawny Kuryerek ( A Funny Little Courier), Kikier ( The Squinty Eye) — sprang up in other American cities. This article outlines a history of the six oldest humour and satire magazines published for Polish readers in the USA in the 19th century and a handful of profiles of their editors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Gerasik
ORCID: ORCID

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