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Abstract

In individual dogs, despite good quality of raw sperm, some parameters are significantly changed after thawing, which cannot be predicted. We therefore investigated whether motility parameters objectively obtained by CASA, membrane integrity (MI), cell morphology or a combination are suitable to improve the prediction of bad post-thaw quality. For this purpose 250 sperm analysis protocols from 141 healthy stud dogs, all patients introduced for sperm cryopreservation, were evaluated and a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) -analysis performed. The sperm was routinely collected, analysed, and frozen by using a modified Uppsala system. After thawing, data were routinely examined by using CASA, fluorescent microscopy for membrane integrity (MI) and Hancock’s fixation for evaluation of cell morphology. Samples were sorted by post-thaw progressive motility (P) in good (P > / = 50%, n=135) and bad freezers (P<50%, n=115). Among bad freezers, 73.9% showed in addition post-thaw total morphological abberations of >40% and/or MI <50%.

Bad freezers were significantly older than good freezers (p<0.05). Progressive motility (P), velocity curvilinear (VCL), mean coefficient (STR), and linear coefficient (LIN) were potential predictors for post-thaw sperm quality since specifity was best (85.8%) and sensitivity (75.4 %) and accuracy (80.4 %) good. For these objectively measured raw sperm parameters, cut-off values were calculated allowing prediction of bad post-thaw results with high accuracy: P = 83.1 % VCL = 161.3 µm/sec, STR = 0.83 %, and LIN = 0.48 %. Raw sperm samples with values below these cut off values will have below average post-thaw quality with a probability of 85.8%. We conclude that VCL, P, STR and LIN are potential predictors of the outcome of sperm cryopreservation, when combined.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Schäfer-Somi
A. Tichy
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Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most crucial diseases of dairy animals. Especially subclinical mastitis (SCM) has negative impacts on of dairy economy in term of reducing milk quality and quantity also premature culling and cost of therapy. Staphylococci are important etiological agents in SCM. The aim of the study was to investigate the biofilm production and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus isolated from milks of Anatolian water buffalo with subclinical mastitis. Twenty-two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) identified phenotypically were also identified with PCR as Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus. Biofilm productions were investigated both by Congo Red Agar Method and PCR. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined by Disc Diffusion Method and they were antibiotyped. Only three (13.6%) isolates were biofilm positive both phenotypically and genotypically. All isolates except for two were resistant against at least two antibiotics. Multidrug-resistance among the isolates was low (13.6%). Antibiotyping results showed that the similarities among the strains were between 30-100%. Genotyping of the strains revealed that a genetic heterogeneity was found among CNS isolates and their similarities were between 43% and 93%. In conclusion, CNS isolates identified as subclinical mastitis agents in buffaloes showed a high antibiotic resistance profile especially against oxacillin and vancomycin. Further studies should be conducted to investigate new mechanisms and/or genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in buffaloes.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Gurler
1
A. Findik
2
M.G. Sezener
2

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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Abstract

In the present paper it is proposed to consider the computer cooling capacity using the thermosyphon loop. A closed thermosyphon loop consists of combined two heaters and a cooler connected to each other by tubes. The first heater may be a CPU processor located on the motherboard of the personal computer. The second heater may be a chip of a graphic card placed perpendicular to the motherboard of personal computer. The cooler can be placed above the heaters on the computer chassis. The thermosyphon cooling system on the use of computer can be modeled using the rectangular thermosyphon loop with minichannels heated at the bottom horizontal side and the bottom vertical side and cooled at the upper vertical side. The riser and a downcomer connect these parts. A one-dimensional model of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a closed thermosyphon loop is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporators, rising tube, condenser and the falling tube. The separate two-phase flow model is used in calculations. A numerical investigation for the analysis of the mass flux rate and heat transfer coefficient in the steady state has been accomplished.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Henryk Bieliński
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Abstract

Many techniques of soil bioremediation enhancement have been developed recently. Two of them are application of weak electric field which induces favorable electrokinetic phenomena in the soil environment and surface active agents application which increase the biodegradation degree of poorly soluble contamination. During experiments the influence of the electric field and surfactants (biosurfactants, non-ionic and anionic surfactants) on the Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis bacteria migration in soil was determined. The intensity of the biodegradation of contamination was also estimated. The results show substantial impact of the electric field and surfactants on the intensity and direction of bacteria migration in soil as well as on the intensity of the contamination biodegradation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Piechowiak
Andrzej Olszanowski

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