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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Karwat
1

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a principal method for power system harmonic analysis. The fundamental frequency of the power system increases or decreases following load changes during normal operation. It is difficult to achieve synchronous sampling and integer period truncation in power harmonic analysis. The resulting spectrum leakage affects the accuracy of the measurement results. For this reason, a windowed interpolation DFT method for power system harmonic analysis to reduce errors was presented in this paper. First, the frequency domain expression of the windowed signal Fourier transform is analyzed. Then, the magnitude of the three discrete spectrum lines near the harmonic frequency point is used to determine the accurate position of the harmonic spectrum. Then, the calculation of the amplitude, frequency, and phase of harmonics is presented. The tripleline interpolation DFT can improve the accuracy of electrical harmonic analysis. Based on the algorithm, the practical rectification formulas were obtained by using the polynomial approximation method. The simulation results show that the fast attenuation of window function sidelobe is the key to reduce the error. The triple-line interpolation DFT based on Hanning, Blackman, Nuttall 3-Term windows has higher calculation accuracy, which can meet the requirements of electrical harmonic analysis.
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Bibliography

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[14] Xiang Dongyang, Wang Gongbao, Ma Weiming et al., A new method for non-integer harmonics measurement based on FFT algorithm and neutral network, Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 35–39 (2005), DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0258-8013.2005.09.007.
[15] Jiao L., Du Y., An Approach for Electrical Harmonic Analysis Based on Interpolation DFT, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 445–454 (2022), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140721.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ling Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jinsong Zhang
1

  1. Shandong Polytechnic, China
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Abstract

This research is developing the analog value from the NPK sensor to digital using the YL 38 comparator module to obtain detailed Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) values according to the NPK sensor datasheet. This system is a network based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa. The IoT and LoRa features installed on this device, meanwhile the measurement and fertilization data can be monitored easily through an Android application. This research using a frequency of 922.4 Mhz, 125 kHz bandwidth, 10 spreading factors, and a code rate of 5. The Network Quality of Services testing i.e. delay, packet loss, SNR, and RSSI. The QoS was measured at 6 locations. different, 1 location 0 km, 4 locations 1 km, 1 location 2.5 km from BTS LoRa. It was concluded that the parameters used are by the conditions and distances in the data collection. It is proven that all the standards in each parameter are met. In testing the LoRa network it can be concluded that the farther the distance from the LoRa BTS the data transmission quality is getting worse.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Doan Perdana
1
Wahyu Rizal Panca Kusuma
1
Ibnu Alinursafa
2

  1. Telkom University, Indonesia
  2. PT Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia
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Abstract

The paper presents the verification of a solution to the narrow sound frequency range problem of flat reflective panels. The analytical, numerical and experimental studies concerned flat panels, panels with curved edges and also semicircular elements. There were compared the characteristics of sound reflected from the studied elements in order to verify which panel will provide effective sound reflection and also scattering in the required band of higher frequencies, i.e. above the upper limit frequency. Based on the conducted analyzes, it was found that among some presented solutions to narrow sound frequency range problem, the array composed of panels with curved edges is the most preferred one. Nevertheless, its reflection characteristic does not meet all of the requirements, therefore, it is necessary to search for another solution of canopy which is effective over a wide frequency range.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Szeląg
Tadeusz Kamisiński
Mirosława Lewińska
Jarosław Rubacha
Adam Pilch

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