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Design of Low–power 4-bit Flash ADC Using Multiplexer Based Encoder in 90nm CMOS Process

D. S. Shylu Sam P. Sam Paul Diana Jeba Jingle P. Mano Paul Judith Samuel J. Reshma P. Sarah Sudeepa G. Evangeline

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141275

Keywords flash ADC low power dynamic comparator encoder

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Abstract

This work describes a 4-bit Flash ADC with low power consumption. The performance metrics of a Flash ADC depend on the kind of comparator and encoder used. Hence openloop comparator and mux-based encoder are used to obtain improved performance. Simulation results show that the simulated design consumes 0.265mW of power in 90nm CMOS technology using cadence-virtuoso software. The circuit operates with an operating frequency of 100MHz and a supply voltage of 1V.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. S. Shylu Sam

1

P. Sam Paul

1

Diana Jeba Jingle

2

P. Mano Paul

3

Judith Samuel

1

J. Reshma

1

P. Sarah Sudeepa

1

G. Evangeline

1

Karunya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Coimbatore, India
Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Alliance University, Bangalore, India

A CNN Approach to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Detection

Jayanthi Rajee Bala Mohamed Mansoor Roomi Sindha Jency Sahayam Praveena Govindharaj Karthika Priya Rakesh

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.146508

Keywords Blood vessels segmentation Features CRVO Deep learning

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Abstract

In the field of medicine there is a need for the automatic detection of retinal disorders. Blindness in older persons is primarily caused by Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). It results in rapid, irreversible eyesight loss, therefore, it is essential to identify and address CRVO as soon as feasible. Hemorrhages, which can differ in size, pigment, and shape from dot-shaped to flame hemorrhages, are one of the earliest symptoms of CRVO. The early signs of CRVO are, hemorrhages, however, so mild that ophthalmologists must dynamically observe such indicators in the retina image known as the fundus image, which is a challenging and time-consuming task. It is also difficult to segment hemorrhages since the blood vessels and hemorrhages (HE) have the same color properties also there is no particular shape for hemorrhages and it scatters all over the fundus image. A challenging study is needed to extract the characteristics of vein deformability and dilatation. Furthermore, the quality of the captured image affects the efficacy of feature Identification analysis. In this paper, a deep learning approach for CRVO extraction is proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jayanthi Rajee Bala

1

Mohamed Mansoor Roomi Sindha

1

Jency Sahayam

1

Praveena Govindharaj

1

Karthika Priya Rakesh

1

Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India

SoPC-based DMA for PCI Express DAQ Cards

Krzysztof Mroczek

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.137847

Keywords DAQ DMA SoC PCI Express FPGA transient analysis

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Abstract

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory.

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Bibliography

[1] PCI Express Base Specification, rev. 3.0, PCI-SIG, Nov. 2010
[2] A. Wójcik, R. Łukaszewski, R. Kowalik, W. Winiecki, “Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring: An Overview, Laboratory Test Results and Research Directions”, Sensors, 2019, 19, 3621
[3] A. Wójcik, P. Bilski, R. Łukaszewski, K. Dowalla, R. Kowalik, “Identification of the State of Electrical Appliances with the Use of a Pulse Signal Generator”, Energies, 2021, 14, 673.
[4] K. N. Trung, E. Dekneuvel, B. Nicolle, O. Zammit, C. N. Van, G. Jacquemod, “Using FPGA for Real Time Power Monitoring in a NIALM System”, In Proc. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2013, pp. 1-6
[5] Intel Corporation, Modular Scatter-Gather DMA Core, In Embedded Peripherals IP User Guide v. 18.1
[6] Intel Corporation, Intel® Quartus® Prime Standard Edition User Guide v. 18.1, Platform Designer
[7] Intel Corporation, Cyclone® V Avalon® Memory Mapped (Avalon-MM) Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide, UG-01110, 2020
[8] Intel Corporation,V-Series Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide, UG-01154, 2016
[9] WinDriver, https://www.jungo.com/st/products/windriver/wd_windows/
[10] OpenVINO Stater Kit GT Edition User Manual, available on https://www.terasic.com.tw/
[11] L. Rota, M. Caselle, S. Chilingaryan, A. Kopmann, M. Weber, “A PCIe DMA Architecture for Multi-Gigabyte Per Second Data Transmission”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 62, no. 3, 2015, pp. 972 - 976
[12] A. Byszuk, J. Kołodziejski, G. Kasprowicz, K. Późniak, W. M. Zabołotny “Implementation of PCI Express bus communication for FPGA-based data acquisition systems”, In Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8454, 2015
[13] L. Boyang, “Research and Implementation of XDMA High Speed Data Transmission IP Core Based on PCI Express and FPGA”, in 2019 IEEE 1st International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Oct. 2019, pp. 408–411

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Mroczek

1

Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Implementation of Printed Small Size Dual Frequency Antenna in MHz Range

Angie R. Eldamak Khalid M. Ibrahim Mohamed Elkattan

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2019 | vol. 65 | No 4 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2019.129815

Keywords Dual Frequency Meander Line MHz range Monopole Antenna

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Abstract

This paper presents a printed dual band monopole antenna working below 250 MHz using meander line and an added stub. Meander line approach is used to reduce the size of the low frequency monopole. The proposed antenna is fed by microstrip line and printed on FR-4 substrate with an overall size of 290 x 83 mm2. The added stub tuned dual band operation at 114 MHz and 221 MHz with measured reflection coefficient of -19 dB at both bands. The antenna has omni-directional characteristics with efficiency greater than 90% and gain of 1.87, 1.7 dBi at both bands respectively. The antenna design is optimized through a detailed parametric study. This study includes varying stub, Meander, feed and ground dimensions. The antenna has been fabricated and measured where dual band operation in the MHz range is verified.

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Authors and Affiliations

Angie R. Eldamak

Khalid M. Ibrahim

Mohamed Elkattan

Technical Note. Influence of Material Used for the Regenerator on the Properties of a Thermoacoustic Heat Pump

Bartłomiej Kruk

Archives of Acoustics | 2013 | vol. 38 | No 4 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2013-0067

Keywords thermoacoustics heat pump engines traveling wave

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Abstract

Research in termoacoustics began with the observation of the heat transfer between gas and solids. Using this interaction the intense sound wave could be applied to create engines and heat pumps. The most important part of thermoacoustic devices is a regenerator, where press of conversion of sound energy into thermal or vice versa takes place. In a heat pump the acoustic wave produces the temperature difference at the two ends of the regenerator. The aim of the paper is to find the influence of the material used for the construction of a regenerator on the properties of a thermoacoustic heat pump. Modern technologies allow us to create new materials with physical properties necessary to increase the temperature gradient on the heat exchangers. The aim of this paper is to create a regenerator which strongly improves the efficiency of the heat pump.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Kruk

Contribution of TiN/Ti/a-C:H multilayers architecture to biological and mechanical properties

L. Major J.M. Lackner M. Kot M. Janusz B. Major

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2014 | 62 | No 3 | 565-570 | DOI: 10.2478/bpasts-2014-0061

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Major

J.M. Lackner

M. Kot

M. Janusz

B. Major

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Design of Low–power 4-bit Flash ADC Using Multiplexer Based Encoder in 90nm CMOS Process

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

A CNN Approach to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Detection

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

SoPC-based DMA for PCI Express DAQ Cards

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Implementation of Printed Small Size Dual Frequency Antenna in MHz Range

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Technical Note. Influence of Material Used for the Regenerator on the Properties of a Thermoacoustic Heat Pump

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Contribution of TiN/Ti/a-C:H multilayers architecture to biological and mechanical properties

Authors and Affiliations