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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to identify and assess environmental risks that may have the greatest impact on the future of humanity. They were divided into two basic groups, i.e. for natural processes and resources. In addition, climate change is described as different group. The authors decided, that a holistic approach to this issue is more desirable than dividing it into two above-mentioned groups. The comparison of various threats was possible due to the application of identical assessment criteria, such as: the harmfulness, rate of spread, scope and moment of occurrence of a given group of threats. Each of the listed criteria has been evaluated on a five-point scale, where 1 has the smallest and 5 the largest impact force. The obtained results show the leading importance of natural processes in maintaining the existing Earth system. In addition, the authors point to a greater risk of problems related to renewable resources than non-renewable one. As a result, it can be assumed that the current degradation of natural processes and excessive use of resources is likely to lead to the risk of global disasters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Prandecki
Artur Michałowski
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Abstract

Communication is one of the most important aspects of everyday life. One of its most characteristic features is its diversity as “it rangers from the mass media and popular culture, through language to individual and social behavior” (Fiske 1990:13). The way we talk depends on a number of factors, such as where a conversation takes place, when, why, how and with whom. Thus, “One person’s language use will vary widely according to the needs of the social context” (Jule 2008:27). One has to learn how to communicate successfully through many situational interactions since both communicative competence and success consist in making appropriate choices in contextual, situational and social settings. It is usually stressed that whereas men’s communication styles are associated with competition and dominance, women’s conversation strategies are based on cooperation and politeness (Trask 1999:183). In the following paper we intend to verify the linguistic data obtained so far and focus on the most principal aspects of communication, which are: turn taking, backchannels and interruptions. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate characteristics of conversation strategies in the speech of both male and female speakers talking to each other and exchanging their views on a particular topic during relatively spontaneous male-female interactions, that is mixed-gender interviews. We will seek to analyze the occurrence of backchannels and interruptions the use of which could be indicative of either support, agreement, involvement or dominance, competition and even hostility on the part of the speakers. The participants consist of randomly selected students at the age of 20-25 who study English at the English Department.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Pluszczyk
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Abstract

The aging of composite insulators in outdoor operation for a long time has a direct impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid. To solve this problem, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of composite insulators based on level difference maximum is proposed. To verify the feasibility of this method, insulators in Xinjiang are sampled and the index evaluation system for composite insulators is established based on electrical, mechanical, hydrophobic and other properties, combined with operational years, geographical environment and other factors; Firstly, different membership functions are established according to index types. It is more likely to determine the grade of insulator by comparing measured data with the boundary value. Then, to solve the problem that weights cannot be effectively integrated in the combination weighting, level difference maximization is proposed (during the operation of insulators, the index which has a greater influence on the performance of insulators takes a higher proportion of the weight). Finally, on the basis of fully considering the clarity and ambiguity of grade division, the grade state of insulators is obtained by using the linear weighting method. The results show that compared with the traditional method, the improved method of the membership function and level difference maximum can realize the dynamic adjustment of the index based on the degree of information change. The method can better evaluate the insulator grade. The case study shows that the model can accurately and quickly judge the state of composite insulators, which can be used as a reference for manufacturing and maintenance departments.
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Bibliography

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[4] Tang J., Liu Q.S., Liu J.W. et al., Evaluation of composite insulators based on fuzzy comprehen- sive evaluation, Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 451–456 (2019),  DOI: 10.14188/j.1671-8844.2019-05-012.

[5] Huang X., Wang L.Y., Wang Q. et al., Grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of contamina- tion state for insulators based on IFAHP with bayesian modified method, Science Technology and Engineering, vol. 20, no. 13, pp. 5135–5141 (2020), DOI: CNKI:SUN:KXJS.0.2020-13-018.

[6] Liu Y.P., Xu Z.Q., Fu H.C. et al., Insulation Condition Assessment Method of Power Transformer Based on Improved Extension Cloud Theory With Optimal Cloud Entropy, High Voltage Engineering, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 397–405 (2020), DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190215004.

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[11] Zhou Y.M., Studies on the degradation depth of silicon composite insulator in service, Master Thesis, Wuhan University, Wuhan (2018).

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[13] Yang L.G., Florian Pauli, Kay Hameyer, Influence of thermal-mechanical stress on the insulation system of a low voltage electrical machine, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 233–244 (2021), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.136064.

[14] Liu Y., Wang J.G., Han F. et al., Electrical and mechanical properties of composite insulators af- ter different operation periods, High Voltage Engineering, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1017–1021 (2008), DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2008.05.027.

[15] Yao L.N., Wu Y.H., Wang S.H. et al., Electrical and mechanical properties of on-line compos- ite insulators, Insulating Materials, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 23–27 (2015), DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009- 9239.im.2015.08.005.

[16] Jia Z.D., Yang C.X., Wang X.L. et al., Aging characteristics of composite insulators based on hydropho- bicity transfer test, High Voltage Engineering, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1907–1914 (2015), DOI: 10.13336/ j.1003-6520.hve.2015.06.019.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sihua Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Long Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lei Zhao
1
Junjun Wang
1

  1. Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Abstract

This article looks at the record of the activities of Poland’s Women’s League, first registered in 1945 under the name Social and Civic League of Women, presented in its two magazines, Kobieta Dzisiejsza [Today’s Woman] and Kobieta [Woman] published in 1946–1947 and 1947–1949 respectively. Their approach and choice of stories were to demonstrate the new organization’s concern with the lives of their readers. The magazines offered advice on how to cope with problems of everyday life, both at home and in the workplace. The broad range of themes was intended to appeal to a broad audience from all walks of life, including those that were not members of the new organization.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Dajnowicz
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Abstract

Background: In early phase of acute pancreatitis (AP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome may lead to organ failure. The severe form of AP is associated with high mortality that may be prevented by timely diagnosis and treatment of the predicted severe cases. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) have been proposed as accurate early markers of severe AP. The aim of the study was to assess whether widely available blood count indexes: neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratios correlate with IL-6 and uPAR and may be utilized to predict organ complications at the early phase of AP.

Methods: The study included 95 adult patients with AP treated at the Surgical Ward Complex of Health Care Centers in Wadowice, Poland. Organ failure was diagnosed according to modified Marshall scoring system, as recommended by 2012 Atlanta classification. Blood samples for laboratory tests were collected on days 1, 2 and 3 following the onset of AP symptoms.

Results: Patients with organ failure presented significantly lower LMR on day 1 and signifi cantly higher NLR on days 2 and 3. Strong positive correlations between NLR and IL-6 and moderate correlations between NLR and uPAR were observed throughout the study. Day 2 and 3 NLR values significantly predicted organ failure at the early phase of AP.

Conclusions: Taking into account the wide availability of NLR, it may be considered as a surrogate of more expensive tests to help the early assessment of organ failure complicating AP.

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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Kolber
Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
Małgorzata Maraj
Małgorzata Kielar
Paulina Mazur
Barbara Maziarz
Paulina Dumnicka
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Abstract

The accuracy of the Moment Method for imposing no-slip boundary conditions in the lattice Boltzmann algorithm is investigated numerically using lid-driven cavity flow. Boundary conditions are imposed directly upon the hydrodynamic moments of the lattice Boltzmann equations, rather than the distribution functions, to ensure the constraints are satisfied precisely at grid points. Both single and multiple relaxation time models are applied. The results are in excellent agreement with data obtained from state-of-the-art numerical methods and are shown to converge with second order accuracy in grid spacing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Seemaa Mohammed
1
Tim Reis
2

  1. School of Computing Electronics and Mathematics, Plymouth University, UK
  2. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK
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Abstract

In the paper, the authors present construction stages of simulation models worked out using SolidWorks and Matlab/Simulink environments. As examples of simulation models, a laboratory truck crane and a forest crane have been shown. These models allow for visualization of movements, tracking of the trajectory, velocity and acceleration of any point of the system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Cekus
Bogdan Posiadała
Paweł Waryś

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