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Abstract

The presented work introduces a simple modification of coal fl y ash (FA) with 30% solution of H 20 2, used as a new efficient sorbent for the removal of organic dye crystal violet (CV) in the presence of Cu(II) ions in single- and bi-component systems Cu(II)-CV. FT-IR, TG, SEM-EDS, and XRD suggested that the mechanism of Cu(II) and CV sorption onto FA-H 2O 2 includes ion-exchange and surface adsorption process. Comparing the values of the reduced chi-square test (χ 2/DoF) and the determination coefficient R 2 obtained for CV of the considered isotherms, the fitting degree follows the sequence: Jovanović > Langmuir > Elovich > Freundlich > Redlich-Peterson (R-P) > Tóth > Halsey > BET. Sorption of Cu(II) ions in a single system by means of FA-H 2O 2 was well fi tted by the Langmuir and R-P model. The studies of equilibrium in a bi-component system by means of extended Langmuir (EL), extended Langmuir-Freundlich (ELF), and Jain-Snoeyink (JS) models were analysed. The estimation of parameters of sorption isotherms in a bi-component system Cu(II)-CV has shown that the best of fi t calculated values of experimental data for both sorbates have been the EL model and the JS model, but only in the case of a CV dye. The sorption kinetic of Cu(II) and CV onto FA-H 2O 2 was discussed by means of the PFO, PSO, and intra-particle diff usion models.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eleonora Sočo
1
Dariusz Pająk
1
Jan Kalembkiewicz
1

  1. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the work was to develop a prioritizing and scheduling method to be followed in small and medium-sized companies operating under conditions of non-rhythmic and nonrepeatable production. A system in which make to stock, make to order and engineer to order (MTS, MTO and ETO) tasks are carried out concurrently, referred to as a non-homogenous system, has been considered. Particular types of tasks have different priority indicators. Processes involved in the implementation of these tasks are dependent processes, which compete for access to resources. The work is based on the assumption that the developed procedure should be a universal tool that can be easily used by planners. It should also eliminate the intuitive manner of prioritizing tasks while providing a fast and easy to calculate way of obtaining an answer, i.e. a ready plan or schedule. As orders enter the system on an ongoing basis, the created plan and schedule should enable fast analysis of the result and make it possible to implement subsequent orders appearing in the system. The investigations were based on data from the non-homogenous production system functioning at the Experimental Plant of the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division – ICIMB. The developed procedure includes the following steps: 1 – Initial estimation of resource availability, 2 – MTS tasks planning, 3 – Production system capacity analysis, 4 – ETO tasks planning, 5 – MTO orders planning, 6 – Evaluation of the obtained schedule. The scheduling procedure is supported by KbRS (Knowledge-based Rescheduling System), which has been modified in functional terms for the needs of this work assumption.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Skołud
1
Agnieszka Szopa
2
Krzysztof Kalinowski
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  2. The Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Poland

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