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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

The attempts at formalization of cartographic knowledge and its implementation in computer-aided environment to achieve the most automated level of the process have been performed for over ten years. For the past couple of years, the research on generalization have been focused on some particular tasks such as: collecting cartographic knowledge aimed at identifying the principles regulating the generalization process; formalizing of generalization principles; developing generalization models; evaluating new cartographic algorithms and data structures supporting generalization processes (ex. Applying the Delauney triangulation in the process of shifting buildings). The predominant sort of elaborations, however, concerns the generalization of either maps or spatial databases on large scales. The reason of such a state of art is directly connected with a wide sort of practical solutions of such kind of data. Basic spatial databases on country levels have been kept exactly on the scales of 1: I O OOO, 1 :25 OOO and 1 :50 OOO - and hence the need for automated generalization. However, until now, there are neither general standards nor unified principles of small-scale maps generalization. Both complexity and specific character of generalization process in overview-scales, which in practice bases mostly on an author's experience and intuition as well as on the need for taking a map context into account, make the whole task very difficult and complex. The main purpose of the performed experiments was to establish possibilities and limitations of the automated generalization of small-scale spatial data. The problem was studied from the point of view of its formalization as well as further development of a knowledge base concerning small-scale spatial data generalization in commercial software DynaGEN by Intergraph. The scope of the studies covered carrying out two generalization experiments. The first one concerned the generalization of thematic layers - road network and settlement for the area of the Lower Silesia Province. The second one was applied to the generalization of the same thematic layers in the Lodz Province.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Karsznia
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Abstract

The oxygen and chlorophyll a contents. pH, temperature and transparency were studied in Lake Rzuno in the period from June 1998 - September I 999. This lake has a very strong thermal stratification and weaker oxygenic stratification. The degree of surface water saturation with oxygen was rather small (max. 136%) but the oxygen conditions in the whole Lake Rzuno were good because the total lack of oxygen is noted only in summer and only below 20 m depth. Whereas during autumn and spring circulation the oxygen concentration reaches 5 mg O, drn' al the bottom. The correlation between visibility of Secchi disc and chlorophyll a concentration featured high correlation indicator (r = -0.87). The awerage water transparency, low oxygen deficit and small changes in water reaction show that this lake has moderate eutrophic character.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Trojanowski
Janusz Bruski
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Abstract

Cell encapsulation seems to be a promising tool in tissue engineering. However, it has been shown to have several limitations in terms of long-term cell cultures due to an insufficient oxygen supply. In this study we propose the use of novel microcapsules designed for long-term cell culture consisting of an alginate shell and perfluorocarbon (PFC) core, which works as a synthetic oxygen carrier and reservoir. The influence of PFC presence in the culture as well as the size of structures on cell metabolism was evaluated during 21-day cultures in normoxia and hypoxia. We showed significant improvement in cell metabolism in groups where cells were encapsulated in hydrogel structures with a PFC core. The cells maintained a typical metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) through all 21 days of the culture, overcoming the oxygen supply shortage even in large structures (diameter ¡ 1 mm). Applying PFC in alginate matrices can improve cell metabolism and adaptation in long-term cell cultures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Stefanek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Kulikowska-Darłak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Bogaj
1
Aleksandra Nowak
1
Joanna Dembska
1
Tomasz Ciach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Background: Uterine leiomyoma is the most widespread benign tumor affecting women of childbearing age. There are still gaps in the understanding of its pathogenesis. Telocytes are unique cells found in more than 50 different locations inside the human body. The functional relationship between cells could clarify the pathogenesis of leiomyomata. Examination of membrane receptors on telocytes could explain their role in fibrosis, oxidative stress, and myometrial contractility.

Aim: This research was conducted to assess the density of telocytes in terms of their putative role in leiomyoma formation by focusing on their correlation with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Methods: For gross evaluation of uterine tissue samples from leiomyoma, routine histology of adjacent and unaffected myometrium was performed. Immunohistochemical analysis of c-kit, tryptase, CD34, PDGFRα (telocyte-specific), and ER and PRs (estrogen and progesterone receptors) was performed to examine uterine telocytes and the expression of sex steroid receptors.

Results: The decline in telocyte density in leiomyoma foci was correlated with high progesterone expression and low estrogen receptor expression. The unchanged myometrium showed the opposite correlation and balance between both steroid hormone receptors. The difference in sex steroid receptor expression is correlated with the density of uterine telocytes, which emphasizes their conductor function.

Conclusions: A reduction in telocyte density and the changes in examined marker expression demon-strate the involvement of telocytes in local homeostasis. The expression of membrane receptors explicitly indicates their functional potential in the human myometrium, focusing attention on contractility and local homeostasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Veronika Aleksandrovych
Anna Gil
Anna Wrona
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Abstract

The authors developed the definition of construction defect and fault and construction defect management based on Polish and foreign publications. In order to assist identification of faults and their analysis in the process of home collection, the authors applied the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method. In the paper, the authors used Case Based Reasoning (CBR) to support acceptance of apartments. The CBR method allows to determine the magnitude of global similarity for the problem under consideration between the new and old case from the Case Base, using weighted sums of local similarities using criteria weights as coefficients. As a result of CBR-based solutions, an Employer’s representative receives information about the type of construction defects that can be expected, their location and significance, occurrence frequency, and estimated repair cost.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Zima
S. Biel
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Abstract

Cost estimation in the pre-design phase both for the contractor as well as the investor is an important aspect from the point of view of budget planning for a construction project. Constantly growing commercial market, especially the one of public utility constructions, makes the contractor, at the stage of development the design concept, initially estimate the cost of the facade, e.g. office buildings, commercial buildings, etc., which are most often implemented in the form of aluminum-glass facades or ventilated elevations. The valuation of facade systems is of an individual calculation nature, which makes the process complicated, time-consuming, and requiring a high cost estimation work. The authors suggest using a model for estimating the cost of facade systems with the use of statistical methods based on multiple and stepwise regression. The data base used to form statistical models is the result of quantitative-qualitative research of the design and cost documentation of completed public facilities. Basing on the obtained information, the factors that shape the costs of construction façade systems were identified; which then constitute the input variables to the suggested cost estimation models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Leśniak
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Wieczorek
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Górka
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper presents theoretical analysis of excited vibrations of the vehicle in a wide range of excitation frequencies (from I to 80 Hz). The mathematical model and calculations were prepared for the accepted physical model of the vehicle. The model was used to simulate the excited vertical vibrations. The bifurcation figures with an excitation frequency as a bifurcation parameter were determined on the basis of the simulation results - the changes of kinematics values in time. Bifurcation diagrams give a picture of vehicle vibrations. This picture gives the possibility of identification of characteristic parameters of sprigs and dumping elements and can be used for control, diagnostic aims, and for making technical investigations of vehicle suspension.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Andrzejewski
Jerzy Werner
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Abstract

The author presents the search for the identity of individuals and families displaced after World War II from Vilnius to Gdańsk in the context of the urban community integration. Gdańsk being a city where the population after the war was almost fully replaced, becomes in this sense a kind of laboratory of social integration processes. The text serves as an introduction to the topic and is based on the results of the pilot qualitative research conducted within the The Common Room Gdańsk” (2013–2015) project coordinated by prof. M. Mendel. The analyses are a contribution to the reflection on identity determinants of integration processes within the urban community, also in relation to contemporary times. When discussing the issues of identity, the author points to the importance of the turning point which was the end of World War II, and the experience of expatriation in the spatial and socio-cultural context.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Stankiewicz
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Abstract

The aim of the present work was to analyse the results of investigations on the heavy metals content in the water of the Nakło-Chechło Reservoir. In this study the importance of this element in the characteristic of aquatic environment is stressed. Small content of heavy metals has excluded the possibility of the discharge of municipal and industrial sewage. All of these toxic substance included in water have confirmed that the Nakło- Chechło Reservoir is under strong hydrological and chemical influence of the precipitation and surface run off from the Reservoir basin area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Domurad
Maciej Kostecki
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Abstract

Background and objective: Urological diseases represent a signifi cant health issue worldwide. Presented study aimed at assessing current urological knowledge and confi dence in performing urological diagnostic and therapeutic procedures among medical students at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Poland and compare it on diff erent stages of the undergraduate medical education. Material and methods: We designed an anonymous survey distributed among Polish students from 1st to 6th year of medical studies, before and aft er clinical urology course. Questions concerned general urological knowledge, prostate diseases, erectile dysfunction, and self-reported practical urological skills. Results: Overall, 437 respondents participated in the survey. Mean total test score in our study groupwas 50.08%, mean general urological knowledge score was 53.44%, mean prostate diseases knowledge score was 55.43%, mean erectile dysfunction score was 36% and mean practical skills score was 45.83%. Mean total test score increased with consecutive years of studies (R = 0.58; p <0.001). Th e risk of an above average total test score was signifi cantly infl uenced by the urology course (OR = 7.95, 95%CI = 1.81–34.84, p = 0.006) and the year of medical studies (4th–6th vs. 1st–3rd) (OR = 5.16, 95%CI = 3.41–7.81, p <0.001). Practical skills score above average was signifi cantly more frequent in the group aft er the urology course (OR = 6.75, 95%CI = 1.54–29.58, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Results of this study reveal low mean scores obtained by students, even aft er completing the urology course, which implies that curriculum requires further development. Urological knowledge and self-assessed practical skills increased with years of medical education. The urology course improved the score obtained in our survey, both in terms of total test score and practical skills.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oksana Skomarovska
Tomasz Stefura
Karolina Kainka
Łukasz Radziszewski
Anna Katarzyna Czech
Katarzyna Gronostaj
Tadeusz Hessel
Łukasz Curyło
Piotr L. Chłosta

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