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Abstract

The well-known Russian door-riddle is the base for an arising of the sense of modelling meaning which is a part of this riddle. The components of these riddles are to describe the ethnocultural senses based upon five foundations. These foundations are reflected in: a) numbers and their mutual relations (from 8 to 1 while guessing), b) the door geometry which is reflected in the riddle, c) the static and dynamic positions at the door ( стоять/stay, лежать/lay, ходить/walk, водить/move etc.), d) the predicates that refer to the door and that are manifested by the door, e) the directions of the movement mapped out by the door and being the result of the predicates. The analysis based on these parameters helps the author to draw conclusions on the conceptological and linguistic-cultural marking of traditional folk texts (the riddle refers to them) and the images bound to these texts. These conclusions also refer to the belle-lettres. These images being parts of these texts are transferred via constant/loose word relations of an evaluative character retained in views and via the contextual background.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Czerwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
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Abstract

The underground complicated testing environment and the fan operation instability cause large random errors and outliers of the wind speed signals. The outliers and large random errors result in distortion of mine wind speed monitoring, which possesses safety hazards in mine ventilation system. Application of Kalman filter in velocity monitoring can improve the accuracy of velocity measurement and eliminate the outliers. Adaptive Kalman Filter was built by automatically adjusting process noise covariance and measurement noise covariance depending on the differences between measured and expected speed signals. We analyzed the fluctuation of airflow flow using data of wind speed flow and distribution characteristics of the tunnel obtained by the Laser Doppler Velocimetry system (LDV) studies. A state-space model was built based on the tunnel airflow fluctuations and wind speed signal distribution. The adaptive Kalman Filter was calculated according to the actual measurement data and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The adaptive Kalman filter was used to shield fluid pulsation while preserving system-induced fluctuations. Using the Kalman filter to treat offline wind speed signal acquired by LDV, the reliability of Kalman filter wind speed state model and the characteristics of adaptive Kalman Filter were investigated. Results showed that the adaptive Kalman filter effectively eliminated the outliers and reduced the root-mean-squares error (RMSE), and the adaptive Kalman filter had better performance than the traditional Kalman filter in eliminating outliers and reducing RMSE. Field experiments in online wind speed monitoring were conducted using the optimized adaptive Kalman Filter. Results showed that adaptive Kalman filter treatment could monitor the wind speed with smaller RMSE compared with LVD monitor. The study data demonstrated that the adaptive Kalman filter is reliable and suitable for online signal processing of mine wind speed monitor.

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Authors and Affiliations

De Huang
Jian Liu
Lijun Deng
Xuebing Li
Ying Song

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