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Abstract

Quantitative evaluation of the microstructure obtained in a product is nowadays commonly required both in R&D activities and during routine quality control of materials and components.
This paper presents an assessment of the quality of ductile cast iron, based on investigations of the effect of chemical composition on the distribution of ductile graphite precipitates in low-alloy cast iron EN-GJS-500-7. The size of graphite precipitates was expressed in terms of equivalent cross-sectional diameter, which made it possible to describe the distribution of graphite precipitates with a function simulating the log-normal distribution of graphite. The resulting U, W and Z parameters were statistically analysed, including the effect of chemical composition on graphite distribution. In the studied cast iron, the components that increase the U parameter are silicon, manganese and phosphorus, thus favourably affecting the total graphite number. In contrast, the constituents that decrease the U parameter are carbon, chromium and aluminium.
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Bibliography

[1] Cybo, J., Jura, S. (1995). Functional description of isometric structures in quantitative metallography. Gliwice: Silesian University of Technology Publishing House. (in Polish)
[2] Alp, T., Wazzan, A.A. & Yilmaz, F. (2005), Microstructure-property relationships in cast irons. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 30(2B), 163-175.
[3] Podrzucki, C. (1999). Publishing House. Cracow: STOP. (in Polish).
[4] Angus, H.T. (1978). Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties. London-Boston: Edit Butterworth a. Co.
[5] Jura, S. & Jura, Z. (2001). The influence of the chemical composition and degree of spheroidization of graphite on the mechanical properties mechanical properties of cast iron. Archives of Foundry. 1(1), (2/2), 1-8. ISSN 1642-5308
[6] Ripplinger, C., Gastens, M., Zimmermann, J., Bjӧrn, P., Broeckmann, C., Schrӧder, K-U. & Bührig-Polaczek, A. (2021). Potential of metallurgical gradients in the design of components structural components made of ductile iron. Materials, 14(9), 2411. DOI: 10.3390/ma14092411
[7] Menk, W., Tunzini, S., Rieck, T., Honsel, C. & Weiss, K. (2010). Material development of ductile iron, simulation and production technology for local reinforcement of castings. Key Engineering Materials. 457, 343-348. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.457.343
[8] Stefanescu, D.M. & Suárez, R. (2020). 90 years of thermal analysis as a control tool in the melting of cast iron. China Foundy. 17(2), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41230-020-0039-x
[9] Friess, J., Bührig-Polaczek, A., Sonntag, U. & Steller, I. (2020). From individual graphite assignment to an improved digital image analysis of ductle iron. International Journal of Metalcasting. 14, 1090-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00416-3
[10] Bartocha, D. (2006). The structure of EN-GJS-500-7 cast iron depending on the feedstock materials. Archives of Foundry. 6(22), 27-32. ISSN 1642-5308
[11] Materials of Śrem Cast Iron Foundry based in Śrem. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from http://www.proservicetech.it/itacax-thermal-analysis-final-iron-quality-control/
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Pacha-Gołębiowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Akademia Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w Lesznie, ul. Mickiewicza 5, 64-100 Leszno, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz C. Strzelecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Kasprzak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Owczarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Stachnik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Alfred Jahn Cold Regions Research Centre, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

The paper contains a description of a multiscale algorithm based on the boundary element method (BEM) coupled with a discrete atomistic model. The atomic model uses empirical pair-wise potentials to describe interactions between atoms. The Newton-Raphson method is applied to solve a nanoscale model. The continuum domain is modelled by using BEM. The application of BEM reduces the total number of degrees of freedom in the multiscale model. Some numerical results of simulations

at the nanoscale are shown to examine the presented algorithm.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Burczynski
A. Mrozek
W. Kuś
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Abstract

The paper focuses on the Old Polish word kryłos, which was attested twice in court records from Przemyśl in the 15th century. Some existing hypotheses about the word origin and meaning are mentioned, although it has not been discussed before in a satisfactory way. A detailed study of the word’s etymology (concerning Old Ukrainian, Old Russian and Greek) and a precise analysis of the attestations enables us to determine its meaning, different from the meaning proposed in the Dictionary of Old Polish ( Słownik staropolski).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan German
1

  1. Doctoral School in the Humanities, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (PhD Student)

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