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Coal in the energy sector and the Polish energy mix

Anna Kielerz Waldemar Beuch Robert Marzec
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk | 2018 | Nr 105 | 85–94 | DOI: 10.24425/124380
Keywords coal energy sector energy mix greenhouse gases
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Abstract

Coal in Poland is an available conventional fuel providing energy security and independence of the country. Therefore, conventional energy generation should be based on coal with the optimal development of renewable energy sources. Such a solution secures the energy supply based on coal and the independence of political and economic turmoil of global markets. Polish coal reserves can secure the energy supply for decades. Coal will surely be important for energy security in the future despite the growing share of oil and gas in energy mix. The development of renewable power generation will be possible with the conventional energy generation offsetting volatile renewable power generation as Poland’s climate doesn’t allow for the stable and effective use of renewable energy sources. Considering the policy of the European Union with respect to emission reductions of greenhouse gasses and general trends as reflected in the Paris agreement in 2016, as a country we will be forced to increase renewable energy production in our energy mix. However, this process cannot impact the energy security of the country and stability and the uninterrupted supply of energy to consumers. Therefore seeking the compromise with the current energy mix in Poland is the best way to its gradual change with the simultaneous conservation of each of the sources of energy. It’s obvious that Poland can not be lonely energy island in Europe and in the world, which increasingly develops distributed energy and/ renewable technologies as well as energy storage ones. One can notice that without renewable generation and the reduction of coal’s share in country’s energy mix we will become the importer of electricity with raising energy dependence.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Kielerz
Waldemar Beuch
Robert Marzec

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data collected from bigger samples

Lech Nowicki Maciej Markowski
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2012 | No 1 March | 85-94 | DOI: 10.2478/v10176-012-0008-z
Keywords thermogravimetry kinetics thermal lag cellulose pyrolysis metal oxide reduction
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Abstract

Results for microcrystalline cellulose pyrolysis are presented, which includes thermogravimetric measurements and kinetic analysis of experimental data. The effect of sample mass size and heating rate on estimated values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor is demonstrated and a simple modification of procedure is proposed that allows for the correct values of kinetic parameters regardless of the experimental conditions. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed for two endothermic chemical reactions. A method of nonlinear regression is used for calculation of kinetic parameters for a single or TG curve or several curves simultaneously.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lech Nowicki
Maciej Markowski

Assessment of Kinematics of Sportsmen Performing Standing Long Jump in 2 Different Dynamical Conditions

Lenka Szerdiová Dušan Simšik Zlatica Dolná
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2012 | No 1 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.2478/v10178-012-0007-x
Keywords kinematics dynamics standing long jump human motion analysis sports
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Abstract

This paper presents results of the study devoted to analysis of impact of upper extremities' momentum on the jump length and analysis of selected kinematic data changes during the standing long jump. Four young sportsmen participated in the initial study. They have performed standing long jump in two measuring conditions: with and without arms swinging. Motion was captured using a 3D opto-electronic camera system SMART (BTS) and selected kinematic data were evaluated using software packages and data processing: trajectory of body centre of gravity (COG), velocity of COG, maximal vertical distance of COG, take-off angle together with momentum of upper extremities were analyzed. The data were statistically evaluated using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Statistical significance of the kinematic data and jump length were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc test (p<0.05) in Statistics toolbox of Matlab program. Statistically significant differences were assessed within intraindividual and intraclass comparison of data.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lenka Szerdiová
Dušan Simšik
Zlatica Dolná

Impact of Anthropogenic Pressure on Aquatic Conditions in Lake Track in Olsztyn

Jolanta Grochowska Helena Gawrońska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 2 | 85-94
Keywords drainage basin trophic condition anthropogenic pressure nutrients external loading
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Abstract

The research was carried out on a small (52.8 ha) and shallow (4 m) Lake Track in Olsztyn, exposed to a considerably intense anthropogenic pressure. In the middle 1800s this reservoir was dried out and most of the contiguous land was designated for agricultural purposes. The lake was restored in the mid 1900s. At present, the drainage basin of Lake Track is 216 ha. Urban land comprises the largest portion of this area, i.e. 49.3%, barren land 41.4% and forests 6. I%. The lake receives storm waters but for years it had also received sanitary sewage. The results of this research allowed classifying the lake as nutrient-rich, with fairly advanced eutrophication processes. The waters were characteristic of very high nutrients content, up to 0.75 mg P/dm3 and 3.87 mg N/dm3. The high fertility of Lake Track was additionally confirmed by high BOD, values, i.e. up to 9.5 mg 0/dm3, high chlorophyll content, usually from 30 to 40 mg/m3 but reaching 123 mg/m3, and low water transparency, oscillating between 0.6 and 0.9 m. The reason for the lake's high trophic level was no doubt the excessive loading from the drainage basin. The actual nutrient runoff from the drainage basin to the lake exceeded the critical loads, as defined by Vollenweider. Low quality of the lake's waters and the parallel high external loading indicate that preventive measures should be taken, aimed at reducing the external loading.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Grochowska
Helena Gawrońska

Process control of air stream deodorization from vapors of VOCs using a gas sensor matrix conducted in the biotrickling filter (BTF)

Dominik Dobrzyniewski Bartosz Szulczyński Piotr Rybarczyk Jacek Gębicki
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 2 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.145900
Keywords biofiltration electronic nose biotrickling filter chemical sensors sensor matrix odorous compounds
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Abstract

This article presents the validity, advisability and purposefulness of using a gas sensor matrix to monitor air deodorization processes carried out in a peat-perlite-polyurethane foam-packed biotrickling filter. The aim of the conducted research was to control the effectiveness of air stream purification from vapors of hydrophobic compounds, i.e., n-hexane and cyclohexane. The effectiveness of hydrophobic n-hexane and cyclohexane removal from air was evaluated using gas chromatography as the reference method and a custom-built gas sensor matrix consisting of seven commercially available sensors. The influence of inlet loading (IL) of n-hexane and cyclohexane on the biotrickling filtration performance was investigated. The prepared sensor matrix was calibrated with use of two statistical techniques: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). The developed mathematical models allowed us to correlate the multidimensional signal from the sensor array with the concentration of the removed substances. The results based on gas chromatography analyses indicated that the elimination efficiencies of n-hexane and cyclohexane reached about 40 and 30 g m-3 h-1, respectively. The results obtained using a gas sensor matrix revealed that it was possible not only to determine concentration reliably of investigated hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in the gas samples, but also to obtain results of a similar high level of quality as the chromatographic ones. A gas-sensor matrix proposed in this work can be used for on-line real-time monitoring of biofiltration process performance of air polluted with n-hexane and cyclohexane.
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Bibliography

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  50. Fang, J-J., Yang, N., Cen, D-Y., Shao, L-M. & He, P-J. (2012). Odor compounds from different sources of landfill: Characterization and source identification. Waste Management, 32, 7, pp. 1401-1410. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.02.013
  51. Giungato, P., Gilo, A.D., Palmisani, J., Marzocca, A., Mazzone, A., Brattoli, M., Giua, R. & de Gennaro, G. (2018). Synergistic approaches for odor active compounds monitoring and identification: State of the art, integration, limits and potentialities of analytical and sensorial techniques. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 107, pp. 116-129. DOI:10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.019
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  53. Lopez, R., Cabeza, I.O., Giraldez, I. & Diaz, M.J. (2011). Biofiltration of composting gases using different municipal solid waste-pruning residue composts: Monitoring by using an electronic nose. Bioresource Technology, 102, 17, pp. 7984-7993. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.085
  54. Marycz, M., Rodriguez, Y., Gębicki, J. & Munoz, R. (2022). Systematic comparison of a biotrickling filter and a conventional filter for the removal of a mixture of hydrophobic VOCs by Candida subhashii. Chemosphere, 306, pp. 135608. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135608
  55. Maurer, D., Bragdon, A., Short, B., Ahn, H. & Koziel, J.A. (2018). Improving environmental odor measurements: Comparison of lab-based standard method and portable odor measurement technology. Archives of Environmental Protection, 44, 2, pp. 100-107. DOI:10.24425/119699
  56. Miller, U., Sówka, I. & Adamiak, W. (2020). The use of surfactant from the Tween group in toluene biofiltration. Archives of Environmental Protection, 46, 2, pp. 53-57. DOI:10.24425/aep.2020.133474
  57. Munoz, R., Sivert, E., Parcsi, G., Lebrero, R., Wang, X., Suffet, I.H. & Stuetz, R.M. (2010). Monitoring techniques for odour abatement assessment. Water Research, 44, 18, pp. 5129-5149. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.013
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  61. Rybarczyk, P. (2022). Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Air: Focus on Biotrickling Filtration and Process Modeling. Processes, 10, 12, pp. 2531. DOI:10.3390/pr10122531
  62. Rybarczyk, P., Marycz, M., Szulczyński, B., Brillowska-Dąbrowska, A., Rybarczyk, A. & Gębicki, J. (2021). Removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in biotrickling filters inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii. Archives of Environmental Protection, 47, 1, pp. 26-34. DOI. 10.24425/aep.2021.136445
  63. Rybarczyk, P., Szulczyński, B. & Gębicki, J. (2020). Simultaneous removal of hexane and ethanol from air in biotrickling filter – process performance and monitoring using electronic-nose. Sustainability, 12, 1, pp. 387. DOI:10.3390/su12010387
  64. Rybarczyk, P., Szulczyński, B., Gospodarek, M. & Gębicki, J. (2019). Effects of n-butanol presence, inlet loading, empty residence time and starvation periods on the performance of a biotrickling filter removing cyclohexane vapours from air. Chemical Papers, 74, pp. 1039-1047. DOI:10.1007/s11696-019-00943-2
  65. Sabilla, S.I., Sarno, R. & Siswantoro, J. (2017). Estimating Gas Concentration using Artificial Neural Network for Electronic Nose. Procedia Computer Science, 124, pp. 181-188. DOI:10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.145
  66. Salamanca, D., Dobslaw, D. & Engesser, K-H. (2017). Removal of cyclohexane gaseous emissions using a biotrickling filter system. Chemosphere, 176, pp. 97-107. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.078
  67. Schlegelmilch, M., Streese, J. & Stegmann, R. (2005). Odour management and treatment technologies: An overview. Waste Management, 25, 9, pp. 928-939. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.006
  68. Sohn, J.H., Dunlop, M., Hudson, N., Kim, T.I. & Yoo, Y.H. (2009). Non-specific conducting polimer-based array capable of monitoring odour emissions from a Biofiltration system in a piggery building. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 135, 2, pp. 455-464. DOI:10.1016/j.snb.2008.10.007
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Authors and Affiliations

Dominik Dobrzyniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland

A novel method and device for plastic mulch retriever

Kanat M. Khazimov Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova Aigul A. Urymbayeva Gulzhanat A. Mukanova Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva Vladimir F. Nekrashevich Marat Zh. Khazimov
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137100
Keywords compaction microclimatic conditions mulch retriever plastic mulch polymer degradation
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Abstract

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kanat M. Khazimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aigul A. Urymbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gulzhanat A. Mukanova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vladimir F. Nekrashevich
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marat Zh. Khazimov
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kazakh National Agrarian University, Faculty of IT – Technology, Automation and Mechanization of Agro-Industrial Complex, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
  2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Ryazan, Russia
  4. Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Heat Power Engineering and Heating Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan

First detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected from sheep, Turkey

A. Ayan B. Aslan Çelik Ö.Y. Çelik Ö. Orunç Kılınç G. Akyıldız A.B. Yılmaz D.N. Sayın İpek Ö. Oktay Ayan A.R. Babaoğlu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149338
Keywords sheep tick-borne parasitic diseases Turkey
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Abstract

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick-borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co-infections in sheep in Turkey.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ayan
1
B. Aslan Çelik
2
Ö.Y. Çelik
3
Ö. Orunç Kılınç
4
G. Akyıldız
5
A.B. Yılmaz
6
D.N. Sayın İpek
7
Ö. Oktay Ayan
8
A.R. Babaoğlu
9
  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  4. Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
  5. Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
  6. Faculty of Health, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  7. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
  8. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  9. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey

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