In this work, the support of two general galleries located in poor quality rock mass and subjected to the influence of high thickness coal layer exploitations is designed and optimized. The process is carried out in four phases:

A first preliminary support is defined employing different geomechanical classifications and applying the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) using bolts and shotcrete.

An instrumentation campaign is carried out with the goal of analysing the behaviour of the support. The study noticed the failure of the support due to the time of placement of the different elements.

A back-analysis using the Flac and Phases software has allowed the evaluation of the properties of the rock mass and the support, the study of the influence of the time of placement on the component elements (bolts and shotcrete), and the redefinition of that support.

Subsequently, a new support is designed and optimized through numerical modeling after the start of mining without experience in these sizes of sublevel caving that caused the failure of the previously designed support. The new support is formed by yieldable steel arches that are more suitable to withstand the stresses generated by nearby mining work.

The paper focuses on artifact denominations – compound idiomatic phrases that encode the information on a person’s anthropometric characteristics (those of body, virtues, behavior, etc.) in artifact‑naming items (based on the Ukrainian, Polish and English languages). The study elaborates on the system of significative and denotative descriptors – two‑component entities that represent a metaphoric mapping of the source (significative descriptors) and target (denotative descriptors) domains. The significative descriptors are reduced to the classes of the artifact signifiers; among those are the classes of clothes, household articles, food, weapon, facilities, transport and symbols. The denotative descriptors represent the classes of the artifact signified; among those are the classes of a person’s social, value‑based and semiotic characteristics. The ultimate goal of the study is to characterize regular relations between the two classes of descriptors in the contrasted languages. The analysis provided in the paper proceeds from the assumption that any artifact‑naming process takes place on the basis of extended stereotyping – a cognitive mechanism that provides for the encoding of additional, complementary senses in artifact‑naming items. The study concludes that artifact‑naming processes in the Ukrainian, Polish and English languages respond to the communities’ demands for representing a person’s internal, spiritual world within the concept of external material objects (artifacts). The analysis reveals the tendency of artifact designations towards a social, axiological and semiotic conceptualization of a person’s artifact world.