The article presents criterion of evaluating energy consumption of water pumping. The lower slope of pump efficiency characteristic curve was plotted for the case of: constant gain of rotational speed and variable gain of rotational speed. The unified form of the lower slope of pump efficiency characteristic curve was defined for variable head. The right-side coefficient of pump efficiency correction was defined.

The article examines a notable tendency toward initiating criminal proceedings and imposing severe penalties for oil spills on ship captains. The tendency takes its origins from the aftermath of 1989 disaster, where a tanker Exxon Valdez run aground and subsequently spilled some 100 000 tons of oil into the Prince William Sound, Alaska. The Exxon Valdez case involved not only civil liability for pollution damage, but also criminal charges. The ship’s captain has been sentenced in 1991. This tendency has been accepted in Europe and now it begins manifest itself on other continents as well. The author puts up arguments in defense of polluting ships' captains and crew.

' Savoir-vivre with a past', or an Etiquette Guide of the Age of Transformation according to Agnieszka Osiecka, was published in the illustrated weekly Przekrój in 1993–1994. This article analyzes the column's content in the context of contemporary social and cultural change, focusing on issues from a broad field of dos and don’ts that acquired unexpected visibility during the early years of the Transformation, and tries to find out what was Osiecka's treatment of individual cases says of her own views.