The European Commission, continuing its efforts to contribute to the integrated governance of global oceans, promotes harmonization of respective regimes in its Member States. In its assessment of this process in 2019, the Commission stressed in its joint report to the European Parliament and the Council that healthy oceans can exist only if responsibility for this dynamic natural ecosystem is shared not only between states, but also between different kinds of cross-border operating actors and stakeholders. The dynamics of the marine environment shall be reflected in an elastic legal regime based not only on classic legal instruments like conventions and their national implementations, but also on different kinds of soft laws, standards and formal specifications created by representatives of these stakeholders. However, admitting that integrated governance is the long-term goal, the European Union also accepts solutions based on a sectoral approach, as long as they effectively fulfill the duty to protect the marine environment enabling use of the sea for mankind and economical use of the ocean. Such a comprehensive view on the ocean is also the background of the UNCLOS co-operation.
Integrated ocean governance and its mechanisms must then be created and developed by very diverse organisations and institutions, from classical international organizations, through to intergovernmental cooperations at different levels and private organizations. This article summarizes the achievements of practical cooperation of EU mechanisms of ocean governance with non-governmental private organisations, representing the de facto decentralised management of the world oceans. Extended analysis will reveal how climate change is becoming a major long-term driver of ecosystems, bringing together different actors in an integrated, ecosystem-based oceans management approach which highlights the interplay between environmental and economic conditions, and legal mechanisms and their reflections in documents prepared by private organisations.

The paper analyzes various types of international socio-economic relations of Polish voivodeships. They were assessed in terms of: a) the current impact on the territorial brand of Polish regions; b) unused potential in this respect. The study covered the following types of relations: a) migration (territorial brand as a derivative of outmigration from a given area); b) trade relationships (economic relations as the basis for brand promotion); c) tourist relations (territorial brand as a derivative of tourist visits in a given area); d) transport relations as an element defining the region (as poorly or easily accessible in terms of international transport). In summary, the tables presents the impact of individual types of connections on the territorial brand and recommendations resulting from these connections. An initial typology of Polish regions was made in terms of their international position measured by selected indicators and in terms of the objectives of the promotional policy.

The author first analyzes in detail the range and form of normalizations of scientific-technical issues in the new maritime law known as the UN Convention of Montego Bay of 1982. A substantial impetus for the compromise solutions taken in this convention was the divergence of priorities between highly-developed and developing countries that occurred at the III Maritime Law Conference. In the second section of the article, the author discusses and comments on issues of the protection of rights to industrial property according to the principles of the TRIPS accords determined at the Marrakesh round of the GATT-WTO. In his analysis, the author also takes into consideration selected aspects of European Union legislation, the modernizing licensing of transfer technology, and EU policy that supports marine research and the exploitation of the so-called "deep resources”. Thus, the article presents and emphasizes new aspects of maritime scientific-technical cooperation and transfer technology which had yet to be analyzed from this aspect in the Polish legal literature regarding maritime law.

The paper is a conversation about Wojciech Wrzosek's biography and academic work. It describes his university education at Adam Mickiewicz University, especially his participation in the seminars of Jerzy Topolski and Jerzy Kmita. The paper goes on to outline the subsequent stages of Wrzosek's academic career, his research travels abroad and the leading of the Interdisciplinary History Seminar, which was intended as a continuation of Topolski's seminar. The paper also discusses Wrzosek's two books – History – Culture – Metaphor and On Historical Thinking – their intellectual genealogy, context of their writing and reception.