Intensive modernization and reconstruction of the energy sector takes place throughout the
world. The EU climate and energy policy will have a huge impact on the development of the energy
sector in the coming years. The European Union has adopted ambitious goals of transforming
towards a low-carbon economy and the integration of the energy market. In June 2015, the G7 countries
announced that they will move away from coal fired energy generation. Germany, which
has adopted one of the most ambitious energy transformation programs among all industrialized
countries, is leading these transformations. The long-term strategy, which has been implemented
for many years, allowed for planning the fundamental transformation of the energy sector; after the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Germany opted for a total withdrawal from nuclear energy and
coal in favor of renewable energy. The German energy transformation is mainly based on wind and
solar energy. Germany is the fifth economic power in the world and the largest economy in Europe.
Therefore, the German energy policy affects the energy policy of the neighboring countries. The
article presents the main assumptions of the German energy policy (referred to as Energiewende).
It also presents the impact of changes in the German energy sector on the development of energy
systems in selected European countries.
The future and the development of power industry are the one of the major issues in the domestic and global policy. The impact of the power sector on the earth climate changes and the attention for sufficient funds of energy in the following years are the primary challenges which the power industry is facing. The article delineates the current state of the domestic sector of energy production. In the prospect of the next few years, it will draw on conventional power engineering nevertheless, with the growing involvement of renewable energy sources. However, it is important to develop the new energy strategy, which will point the direction of domestic energy production sector changes. What is more relevant, the new legal regulations connected with environmental protection will definitely restrict using fossil fuels in the power industry. In addition, the paper discusses the most important aspects involved in creating a country’s energy mix. The first aspect is the current state of the energy sector in Poland, i.e. the percentage of particular technologies in the present power and electrical energy balances, the technical state of the manufacturing sector’s infrastructure. Based on historical data of Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne SA regarding the energy consumption and demand, a mathematical estimation for electricity demand and its consumption forecast was performed. The obtained forecasts were then used to conduct a simulation of power and energy demand fulfillment in the national power system. Finally, several possible scenarios were presented, taking different factors affecting the energy sector in Poland into consideration.
W referacie przedstawiono wyniki analizy efektywności przetwarzania energii promieniowania słonecznego na energię elektryczną w warunkach polskich. Pokazano wpływ nasłonecznienia i temperatury pracy modułu fotowoltaicznego na jego krzywą mocy P = f(U). Opisano warunki dla których producenci podają parametry modułów fotowoltaicznych i skonfrontowano je z warunkami rzeczywistymi panującymi w Polsce. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność podawania przez producentów paneli fotowoltaicznych charakterystyk PPV = f(E) dla różnych wartości temperatury pracy modułów. Przeprowadzono analizę ekonomicznej efektywności inwestycji farmy fotowoltaicznej o mocy 1 MWp z uwzględnieniem aktualnych przepisów prawa dla trzech wariantów. Wariant I – inwestor korzysta ze środków wsparcia pomocy publicznej tylko o charakterze operacyjnym, wariant II – inwestor korzysta ze środków wsparcia pomocy publicznej o charakterze inwestycyjnym w wysokości 1 mln PLN, wariant III – inwestor korzysta ze środków wsparcia pomocy publicznej o charakterze inwestycyjnym w wysokości 2 mln PLN. Dla wszystkich wariantów wyznaczono wskaźniki oceny ekonomicznej efektywności inwestycji oraz wartości cen aukcyjnych od ceny maksymalnej do ceny przy której projekt traci rentowność.