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Coffee is grown in over 50 countries around the world, and its sale is the largest in the world trade after crude oil. In the case of coffee beans, after consumption remains a solid waste in the form of a waste plant extract. At present, coffee waste is not fully managed, which means that it is often deposited in landfills. Taking into account their availability on the market and the content of significant amounts of carbon in them, it was proposed to use them as a reducing agent in the processing of copper slags. The use of Solid Coffee Grounds (SCG) as an alternative reducing agent for coke and coke breeze can be beneficial in two aspects. The first is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the process, and the second is due to the possible release of hydrocarbons from these wastes at high temperatures, which, apart from participating in the reduction process itself, causes also mixing of the bath in the melting unit, which facilitates the process of copper sedimentation in the slag. The experiments carried out on a laboratory scale showed the possibility of reducing the copper content in the slag after the reduction process from 10.3 to 0.41 % by mass. The obtained values of the relative degree of copper splashing for all experiments ranged from 88.4 to 96.0 %. The presented solution is an innovative approach to the use of SCG in the processing of copper slags.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Matuła

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ł. Kortyka

Ł. Myćka

2

J. Łabaj

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Wojtal

1

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Aluminium Loss During Ti-Al-X Alloy Smelting Using the VIM Technology

Albert Smalcerz Leszek Blacha J. Łabaj

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 1 | 11-17 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136072

Keywords Melting of Ti-Al alloys Induction vacuum furnace Evaporation of metals

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Abstract

Titanium alloys belonging to the group of modern metallic materials used in many industries, including the aerospace industries. Induction crucible vacuum furnaces and induction furnaces with cold crucible are most commonly used for their smelting. When operating these devices, one can deal with an adverse phenomenon of decrease in the content of alloy elements that are characterized by higher equilibrium vapour pressure than the matrix metal or titanium, in the metal bath. In the paper, results of the study on aluminium evaporation from the Ti-Al-Nb, Ti-Al-V and Ti-Al alloys (max 6.2 % wt.) during smelting in a vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace are presented. The experiments were performed at 10 to 1000 Pa for 1973 K and 2023 K. A significant degree of aluminium loss has been demonstrated during the analysed process. The values of relative aluminium loss for all the alloys ranged from 4 % to 25 %. Lowering the pressure in the melting system from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa resulted in increased values of aluminium evaporation flux from 4.82⋅10-5 to 0.000327 g⋅cm-2⋅s-1 for 1973 K and from 9.28⋅10-5 to 0.000344 g⋅cm-2⋅s-1 for 2023 K. The analysis of the results obtained took into account the value of the actual surface of the liquid metal. In the case of melting metals in an induction furnace, this surface depends on the value of power emitted in the charge. At greater power, we observe a significant increase in the bath surface due to the formation of a meniscus.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Albert Smalcerz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Leszek Blacha

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Łabaj

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, ul. Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland

Elimination of Zinc from Aluminum During Remelting in an Vacuum Induction Furnace

Albert Smalcerz Leszek Blacha B. Węcki D.G. Desisa J. Łabaj M. Jodkowski

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 3 | 11-18 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140231

Keywords Mass transfer coefficient Zinc evaporation Vacuum induction furnace Meniscus

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Abstract

In this paper, the results of the study on aluminium evaporation from the Al-Zn alloys (4.2% weight) during remelting in a vacuum induction furnace (VIM) are presented. The evaporation of components of liquid metal alloys is complex due to its heterogeneous nature. Apart from chemical affinity, its speed is determined by the phenomena of mass transport, both in the liquid and gas phase. The experiments were performed at 10-1000 Pa for 953 K - 1103 K. A significant degree of zinc loss has been demonstrated during the analysed process. The relative values of zinc loss ranged from 4 to 92%. Lowering the pressure in the melting system from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa caused an increase in the value of density of the zinc evaporating stream from 3.82⋅10-5 to 0.000564 g⋅cm-2⋅s-1 at 953 K and 3.32⋅10-5 to 0.000421 g⋅cm-2⋅s-1 for 1103 K. Based on the results of the conducted experiments. it was found that evaporation of zinc was largely controlled by mass transfer in the gas phase and only for pressure 10 Pa this process was controlled by combination of both liquid and gas phase mass transfer.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Albert Smalcerz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Leszek Blacha

e-mail:

ORCID:

B. Węcki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

D.G. Desisa

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Łabaj

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Jodkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Testing and Certification "ZETOM", Poland
Department of Industrial, Informatics Silesian University of Technology, Joint Doctorate School, Poland
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Poland

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The Use of Coffee Waste in the Reduction of Metallurgical Slags

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Aluminium Loss During Ti-Al-X Alloy Smelting Using the VIM Technology

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Elimination of Zinc from Aluminum During Remelting in an Vacuum Induction Furnace

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