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Influence of lightning current surge shape and peak value on grounding parameters

Artur Łukaszewski Łukasz Nogal
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 2 | e136730 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.136730
Keywords grounding electrodes grounding impedance grounding coefficient transient response
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Abstract

Groundings are necessary parts included in lightning and shock protection. In the case of a surge current, high current phenomena are observed inside the grounding. They are result of the electrical discharges around the electrode when the critical field is exceeded in a soil. An available mathematical model of grounding was used to conduct computer simulations and to evaluate the influence of current peak value on horizontal grounding parameters in two cases. In the first simulations, electrode placed in two different soils were considered. The second case was a test of the influence of current peak value on grounding electrodes of various lengths. Simulation results show that as soil resistivity increases in value, the surge impedance to static resistance ratio decreases. In the case of grounding electrodes lengths, it was confirmed that there is a need to use an operating parameter named effective grounding electrode length, because when it is exceeded, the characteristics of grounding is not significantly improved during conductance of lightning surges. The mathematical model used in the paper was verified in a comparison with laboratory tests conducted by K.S. Stiefanow and with mathematical model described by L. Grcev.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Łukaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

Multi-sourced power system restoration strategy based on modified Prim’s algorithm

Artur Łukaszewski Łukasz Nogal
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e137942 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137942
Keywords self-healing grid micro-grid reconfiguration greedy algorithms graph theory simulations Prim’s algorithm
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Abstract

Self-healing grids are one of the most developing concepts applied in electrical engineering. Each restoration strategy requires advanced algorithms responsible for the creation of local power systems. Multi-agent automation solutions dedicated for smart grids are mostly based on Prim’s algorithm. Graph theory in that field also leaves many problems unsolved. This paper is focused on a variation of Prim’s algorithm utility for a multi-sourced power system topology. The logic described in the paper is a novel concept combined with a proposal of a multi-parametrized weight calculation formula representing transmission features of energy delivered to loads present in a considered grid. The weight is expressed as the combination of three elements: real power, reactive power, and real power losses. The proposal of a novel algorithm was verified in a simulation model of a power system. The new restoration logic was compared with the proposal of the strategy presented in other recently published articles. The novel concept of restoration strategy dedicated to multi-sourced power systems was verified positively by simulations. The proposed solution proved its usefulness and applicability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Łukaszewski
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
ORCID: ORCID

Decentralized fault location, isolation and self restoration (FLISR) logic implementation using IEC 61850 GOOSE signals

Paweł Bielenica Joanna Widzińska Artur Łukaszewski Łukasz Nogal Piotr Łukaszewski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | No. 5 | e143101 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.143101
Keywords smart grids distributed grid automation IEC 61850 GOOSE signals FLISR FDIR FLIR
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Abstract

Fault location, isolation and self-restoration (FLISR) automation is an essential component of smart grids concept. It consists of a high level of comprehensive automation and monitoring of the distribution grid improving the quality of energy supplied to customers. This paper presents an algorithm for decentralized FLISR architecture with peer-to-peer communication using IEC 61860 GOOSE messages. An analysis of short circuit detection was presented due to the method of the grid earthing system. The proposed automation model was built based on communication logic between configured intelligent electronic devices (IED) from ABB and Siemens. The laboratory tests were conducted in a half-loop grid model with a bilateral power supply (typical urban grid). The laboratory research concerned three locations of short circuits: between substation and section point, between two section points and between section point and normally open point (NOP). The logic implementation was developed using State Sequencer software offered by Test Universe.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Bielenica
1
Joanna Widzińska
2
Artur Łukaszewski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Łukaszewski
2
  1. ENCO Sp. z o.o., Poste˛ pu 13, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Electrical Power Engineering Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

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