Search for: [Authors = "Abdullah, Mohd A."]

Swing-up control of mass body interlinked flexible tether

Mohd A. Abdullah Yohei Michitsuji Shoichiro Takehara Masao Nagai Naoki Miyajima

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2010 | vol. 57 | No 2 | 115-131 | DOI: 10.2478/v10180-010-0006-y

Keywords motion control multibody dynamics flexible body genetic algorithm tether Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation

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Abstract

One of the applications of tether system is in the field of satellite technology, where the mother ship and satellite equipment are connected with a cable. In order to grasp the motion of this kind of tether system in detail, the tether can be effectively modeled as flexible body and dealt by multibody dynamic analysis. In the analysis and modeling of flexible body of tether, large deformation and large displacement must be considered. Multibody dynamic analysis such as Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation with an introduction of the effect of damping force formulation can be used to describe the motion behavior of a flexible body. In this study, a parameter identification technique via an experimental approach is proposed in order to verify the modeling method. An example of swing-up control using the genetic algorithm control approach is performed through simulation and experiment. The validity of the model and availability of motion control based on multibody dynamics analysis are shown by comparison between numerical simulation and experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd A. Abdullah

Yohei Michitsuji

Shoichiro Takehara

Masao Nagai

Naoki Miyajima

A Short Review on the Influence of Antimony Addition to the Microstructure and Thermal Properties of Lead-Free Solder Alloy

Nur Syahirah Mohamad Zaimi Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 981-986 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.145463

Keywords Lead-free solder antimony microstructure melting temperature

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Abstract

For long time, Sn-Pb solder alloys have been used extensively as the main interconnection materials in the soldering. It is no doubt that Sn-Pb offers many advantages including good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties as well as low melting temperature. However, Pb is very toxic and Pb usage poses risk to human health and environments. Owing to this, the usage of Pb in the electronic industry was banned and restricted by the legislation. These factors accelerate the efforts in finding suitable replacement for solder alloy and thus lead-free solder was introduced. The major problems associated with lead-free solder is the formation of large and brittle intermetallic compound which have given a rise to the reliability issues. Micro alloying with Sb seems to be advantageous in improving the properties of existing lead-free solder alloy. Thus, this paper reviews the influence of Sb addition to the lead-free solder alloy in terms of microstructure formations and thermal properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Syahirah Mohamad Zaimi

1

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli

1

Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Taman Muhibbah, 02600 Jejawi, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Effect of Solid-To-Liquids and Na2SiO3-To-NaOH Ratio on Metakaolin Membrane Geopolymers

Masdiyana Ibrahim Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Ahmad Syauqi Sauffi Petrica Vizureanu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 695-702 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137808

Keywords Geopolymer metakaolin membrane porous geopolymer solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio

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Abstract

Geopolymer is synthesized by polycondensation of SiO4 and AlO4 aluminosilicate complexes, tetrahedral frames linked with shared sialate oxygen. This paper studies the effect of the solids-to-fluids (S/L) and Na2SiO3/NaOH proportions on the preparing of metakaolin inorganic membrane geopolymer. By consolidating a mixture of metakaolin with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and foaming agent, the geopolymer membrane was made in required shape about 1 cm and cured at 80°C for 24 hours. After the curing process, the properties of the samples were tested on days 7. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were utilized as an alkaline activator with a NaOH fixation fixed at 10 M. The geopolymer inorganic membrane tests were set up with various S/L proportions (0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4) and Na2SiO3/NaOH proportions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5). Aluminium (Al) powder as a foaming agent was used to create bubbles in porous structure and provide details on the development of membrane geopolymers. This metakaolin membrane, based on the geopolymer, was synthesized by a suspension that depends on the fast cementing mechanism of high-temperature slurries. Porous geopolymeric circles provided a homogeneous composition and quantitative distribution of pores. The water absorption, density, impact toughness testing and microstructure analyses were studied. However, considering the promising results, an adjustment in the mix design of the metakaolin inorganic membrane geopolymer mixtures could increase their mechanical properties without negatively affecting the mechanical properties and porosity, making these sustainable materials a suitable alternative to traditional porous cement concrete.

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Authors and Affiliations

Masdiyana Ibrahim

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim

2 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ahmad Syauqi Sauffi

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Petrica Vizureanu

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, 02100, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania

Enhancement of Tensile Properties of Glass Fibre Epoxy Laminated Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes interlayer using Electrospray Deposition

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria Mohd Firdaus Omar Hazizan Md Akil Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 685-690 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137806

Keywords Glass fibre carbon nanotubes Hybrid Material Epoxy Laminated Composites

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Abstract

The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto glass fibre (GF) to create a hierarchical structure of epoxy laminated composites has attracted considerable interest due to their merits in improving performance and multifunctionality. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the woven hybrid GF-CNT. The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully deposited on the woven GF surface. Woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were then prepared and compared with woven GF epoxy laminated composites in terms of their tensile properties. The results indicated that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were improved by up to 9% and 8%, respectively compared to the woven hybrid GF epoxy laminated composites.

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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hazizan Md Akil

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Effect of Silica Fume and Alumina Addition on the Mechanical and Microstructure of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete

Fong Sue Min Heah Cheng Yong Liew Yun Ming Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Hasniyati Md Razi Foo Wah Low Ng Hui-Teng Ng Yong-Sing

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 197-202 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137489

Keywords geopolymer concrete silica fume alumina

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Abstract

This paper discussed the effect of the addition of silica fume (2 wt.% and 4 wt.%) and alumina (2 wt.% and 4 wt.%) on the properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete. The fly ash geopolymer concrete achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength with 2 wt.% of silica fume (39 MPa) and 4 wt.% of alumina (41 MPa). The addition of 2 wt.% of silica fume increased the compressive strength by 105% with respect to the reference geopolymer (without additive). On the other hand, the compressive strength surged by 115% with 4 wt.% of alumina compared to the reference geopolymer. The addition of additives improved the compactness of the geopolymer matrix according to the morphology analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fong Sue Min

1

Heah Cheng Yong

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liew Yun Ming

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hasniyati Md Razi

4

Foo Wah Low

5

Ng Hui-Teng

1 2

Ng Yong-Sing

1 2

Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Reactor Technology Center, Technical Support Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia

Modern materials – obtaining and characterization (alloys, polymers)

Bogusław Major Andrei Victor Sandu Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Marcin Nabiałek Tomasz Tański Adam Zieliński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e139318 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139318

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Bibliography

S. Luhar, T.W. Cheng, D. Nicolaides, I. Luhar, D. Panias, and K. Sakkas, “Valorisation of glass wastes for the development of geopolymer composites—Durability, thermal and microstructural properties: A review,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 222, pp. 673–687, 2019.
K. Zulkifly et al., “Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Ge- opolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP),” Materials, vol. 14, p. 1973, 2020.
S. Hasani, P. Rezaei-Shahreza, A. Seifoddini, and M. Hakimi, “Enhanced glass forming ability, mechanical, and magnetic properties of Fe₄₁Co₇Cr₁₅Mo₁₄Y₂C₁₅B₆ bulk metallic glass with minor addition of Cu,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 497, pp. 40–47, 2018.
J. Zhou, W. Yang, C. Yuan, B. Sun, and B. Shen, “Ductile FeNi-based bulk metallic glasses with high strength and excellent soft magnetic properties,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 742, pp. 318‒324, 2018.
M. Nabiałek et al., “Relationship between the shape of X-ray diffraction patterns and magnetic properties of bulk amorphous alloys Fe₆₅Nb₅Y_5+xHf_5–xB₂₀ (where: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5),” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 820, p. 153420, 2020.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogusław Major

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrei Victor Sandu

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

3

Marcin Nabiałek

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Tański

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adam Zieliński

6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 71 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Institute of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, ul. Dabrowskiego 69, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz – Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica, (Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy), ul. K. Miarki 12-14, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Structure and properties of modern engineering materials

Bogusław Major Marcin Nabialek Marek Sroka Marek Węglowski Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 2 | e145679 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.145679

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Authors and Affiliations

Bogusław Major

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabialek

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marek Sroka

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marek Węglowski

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
Czestochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland
University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

Effect of Sodium Aluminate on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Fly Ash-Based One-Part Geopolymer

Ooi Wan-En Yun-Ming Liew Heah Cheng Yong Ho Li-Ngee Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Ong Shee-Ween Andrei Victor Sandu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 441-445 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137775

Keywords Geopolymer One-part geopolymer fly ash Sodium Aluminate Sodium Metasilicate

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Abstract

The one-part geopolymer binder was synthesis from the mixing of aluminosilicate material with solid alkali activators. The properties of one-part geopolymers vary according to the type and amount of solid alkali activators used. This paper presents the effect of various sodium metasilicate-to-sodium aluminate (NaAlO2/Na2SiO3) ratios on fly ash-based one-part geopolymer. The NaAlO2/Na2SiO3 ratios were set at 1.0 to 3.0. Setting time of fresh one-part geopolymer was examined through Vicat needle apparatus. Mechanical and microstructural properties of developed specimens were analysed after 28 days of curing in ambient condition. The study concluded that an increase in NaAlO2 content delayed the setting time of one-part geopolymer paste. The highest compressive strength was achieved at the NaAlO2/Na2SiO3 ratio of 2.5, which was 33.65 MPa. The microstructural analysis revealed a homogeneous structure at the optimum ratio. While the sodium aluminium silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) and anorthite phases were detected from the XRD analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ooi Wan-En

1 2

Yun-Ming Liew

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Heah Cheng Yong

2 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ho Li-Ngee

2 4

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ong Shee-Ween

1 2

Andrei Victor Sandu

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGEOGTECH), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Centre of Excellence Frontier Materials Research, FRONTMATEKANGAR, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania

Flexural Properties of Thin Fly Ash Geopolymers at Elevated Temperature

Yong-Sing Ng Yun-Ming Liew Cheng-Yong Heah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Hui-Teng Ng Lynette Wei Ling Chan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1145-1150 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139714

Keywords thin geopolymer fly ash elevated temperature flexural strength

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Abstract

This paper reports on the flexural properties of thin fly ash geopolymers exposed to elevated temperature. The thin fly ash geopolymers (dimension = 160 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm) were synthesised using12M NaOH solution mixed with designed solids-to-liquids ratio of 1:2.5 and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1:4 and underwent heat treatment at different elevated temperature (300°C, 600°C, 900°C and 1150°C) after 28 days of curing. Flexural strength test was accessed to compare the flexural properties while X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the phase transformation of thin geopolymers at elevated temperature. Results showed that application of heat treatment boosted the flexural properties of thin fly ash geopolymers as the flexural strength increased from 6.5 MPa (room temperature) to 16.2 MPa (1150°C). XRD results showed that the presence of crystalline phases of albite and nepheline contributed to the increment in flexural strength.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yong-Sing Ng

1 2

Yun-Ming Liew

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Cheng-Yong Heah

1 3

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hui-Teng Ng

1 2

Lynette Wei Ling Chan

4

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
Ceramic Research Company Sdn Bhd (Guocera-Hong Leong Group), Lot 7110, 5½ Miles, Jalan Kapar, 42100 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Assessment of Geopolymer Concrete for Underwater Concreting Properties

Fakhryna Hannanee Ahmad Zaidi Romisuhani Ahmad Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim Ikmal Hakem Aziz Subaer Junaidi Salmabanu Luhar

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 677-684 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137805

Keywords Geopolymer Underwater concrete fly ash kaolin

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Abstract

For ages, concrete has been used to construct underwater structures. Concrete laying underwater is a very complex procedure important to the success or failure of underwater projects. This paper elucidates the influence of alkali activator ratios on geopolymers for underwater concreting; focusing on the geopolymer concrete synthesized from fly ash and kaolin activated using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The geopolymer mixtures were designed to incorporate multiple alkali activator ratios to evaluate their effects on the resulting geopolymers’ properties. The fresh concrete was molded into 50 mm cubes in seawater using the tremie method and tested for its engineering properties at 7 and 28 days (curing). The control geopolymer and underwater geopolymers’ mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, water absorption density, and setting time were also determined. The differences between the control geopolymer and underwater geopolymer were determined using phase analysis and functional group analysis. The results show that the geopolymer samples were optimally strengthened at a 2.5 alkali activator ratio, and the mechanical properties of the control geopolymer exceeded that of the underwater geopolymer. However, the underwater geopolymer was determined to be suitable for use as underwater concreting material as it retains 70% strength of the control geopolymer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fakhryna Hannanee Ahmad Zaidi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Romisuhani Ahmad

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

3 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem Aziz

3 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Subaer Junaidi

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Salmabanu Luhar

5 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Sungai Chuchuh, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Taman Muhibbah, 02600 Jejawi, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Geopolymer & Green Material Group, Physics Department, FMIPA, Indonesia
Frederick Research Center, P.O Box 24729, 1303 Nicosia, Cyprus

Setting Time and after Setting Properties of High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymers with Different Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide

Rosnita Mohamed Rafiza Abd Razak Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Liyana Ahmad Sofri Ikmal Hakem Aziz Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 563-567 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137791

Keywords high calcium fly ash geopolymers Setting time heat evolved early age properties concentration of sodium hydroxide

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Abstract

Setting time in geopolymers is known as the time taken for the transition phase of liquid to solid of the geopolymer system in which is represented in the initial setting and final setting. Setting time is significant specifically for application in the construction field. This study intends to determine the setting time of high calcium fly ash geopolymers and the properties of the geopolymers after setting (1-day age). This includes the determination of heat evolved throughout geopolymerization using Differential Scanning Calorimeter. After setting properties determination includes compressive strength and morphology analysis at 1-day age. High calcium fly ash was used as geopolymer precursor. Meanwhile, for mixing design, the alkali activator was a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (concentration varied from 6M-14M) with a ratio of 2.5 and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.5. From this study, it was found that high calcium fly ash geopolymer with 12M of NaOH has a reasonable setting time which is suitable for on-site application as well as an optimal heat evolved (–212 J/g) which leads to the highest compressive strength at 1-day age and no formation of microcracks observed on the morphology. Beyond 12M, too much heat evolved in the geopolymer system can cause micro-cracks formation thus lowering the compressive strength at 1-day age.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rosnita Mohamed

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafiza Abd Razak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liyana Ahmad Sofri

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia

Optimization of Injection Moulding Process via Design of Experiment (DOE) Method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite Properties

Haliza Jaya Nik Noriman Zulkepli Mohd Firdaus Omar Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Marcin Nabiałek Kinga Jeż Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 719-727 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137810

Keywords injection moulding Design of Experiments (DOE) Central Composite Design response surface methodology (RSM) shrinkage tensile strength

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Abstract

Optimal parameters setting of injection moulding (IM) machine critically effects productivity, quality, and cost production of end products in manufacturing industries. Previously, trial and error method were the most common method for the production engineers to meet the optimal process injection moulding parameter setting. Inappropriate injection moulding machine parameter settings can lead to poor production and quality of a product. Therefore, this study was purposefully carried out to overcome those uncertainty. This paper presents a statistical technique on the optimization of injection moulding process parameters through central composite design (CCD). In this study, an understanding of the injection moulding process and consequently its optimization is carried out by CCD based on three parameters (melt temperature, packing pressure, and cooling time) which influence the shrinkage and tensile strength of rice husk (RH) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. Statistical results and analysis are used to provide better interpretation of the experiment. The models are form from analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the model passed the tests for normality and independence assumptions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Haliza Jaya

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nik Noriman Zulkepli

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabiałek

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kinga Jeż

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kampus Alam Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Phase Analysis of Different Liquid Ratio on Metakaolin/Dolomite Geopolymer

Ahmad Syauqi Sauffi Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Masdiyana Ibrahim Romisuhani Ahmad Fakhryna Ahmad Zaidi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 247-250 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137497

Keywords geopolymer Metakaolin dolomite phase analysis

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Abstract

Geopolymer is widely studied nowadays in various scope of studies. Some of the ongoing studies are the study of the various materials towards the geopolymer strength produced. Meanwhile, some of the studies focus on the mixing of the geopolymer itself. This paper discussed the phase analysis of metakaolin/dolomite geopolymer for different solid to the liquid ratio which was, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, and the properties that affected the geopolymer based on the phases. The constant parameters in this study were the percentage of metakaolin and dolomite used. The metakaolin used was 80% meanwhile dolomite usage was 20%. Besides that, the molarity of NaOH used is 10M and the alkaline activator ratio used is 2.0. All the samples were tested at 28 days of curing. The results show that the 0.8 solid to the liquid ratio used gave better properties compare to other solid to liquid ratio. The phases analyzed were quartz, sillimanite, mullite, and faujasite. The 0.8 S/L ratio shows the better properties compared to others by the test of phase analysis, compressive strength morphology analysis, and functional group analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmad Syauqi Sauffi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Masdiyana Ibrahim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Romisuhani Ahmad

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Fakhryna Ahmad Zaidi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Engineering Technology, P. O. Box 77, d/a Pejabat, Pos Besar, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, School of Material Engineering, P. O. Box 77, d/a Pejabat, Pos Besar, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

Review on Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin Geopolymer Concrete by Inclusion of Steel Fibers

Meor Ahmad Faris Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Ratnasamy Muniandy Shamala Ramasamy Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim Subaer Junaedi Andrei Victor Sandu Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 261-267 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137500

Keywords geopolymer Metakaolin fiber reinforced concrete steel fibers mechanical properties

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Abstract

This study summarised the recent achievement in developing fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete. The factor of replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) which is due to the emission of carbon dioxide that pollutes the environment globally is well discussed. The introduction towards metakaolin is presented. Besides, the current research trend involved in geopolymer also has been reviewed for the current 20 years to study the interest of researchers over the world by year. Factors that contribute to the frequency of geopolymer research are carried out which are cost, design, and the practicality of the application for geopolymer concrete. Besides, the importance of steel fibers addition to the geopolymer concrete is also well discussed. The fundamental towards metakaolin has been introduced including the source of raw material, which is calcined kaolin, calcined temperature, chemical composition, geopolymerisation process, and other properties. Alkali activators which are mixing solution between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) have been reviewed. The mechanical properties of fibers reinforced metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete which is compressive and flexural are thoroughly reviewed. The compressive and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced metakaolin geopolymer concrete shows some improvement to the addition of steel fibers. The reviews in this field demonstrate that reinforcement of metakaolin geopolymer concrete by steel fibers shows improvement in mechanical performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Meor Ahmad Faris

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ratnasamy Muniandy

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shamala Ramasamy

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Subaer Junaedi

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrei Victor Sandu

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

University Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Center of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universitas Negeri Makasssar, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Indonesia
Gheorge Asachi Technical University of Lasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Lasi, Romania

Mechanical Effects on Different Solid to Liquid Ratio of Geopolymer Filler in Epoxy Resin

Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali Yusrina Mat Daud Meor Ahmad Faris Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Farah Farhana Zainal Saloma Hasyim Muhammad Taqiyuddin Lokman

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 215-220 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137492

Keywords Geopolymer filler fly ash tensile flexural morphology solid/liquid ratio

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Abstract

Geopolymer is formed from the alkali activation of materials rich in Si and Al content with the addition of a silicate solution to enhance the properties of the materials. This paper presents research on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer filler in epoxy resin by varying different solid to liquid ratios using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as the alkaline activator. However, the common problem observed from the solid to liquid ratio is the influence of curing time and compressive strength of geopolymer to have the best mechanical property. The mix design for geopolymers of solid to liquid ratio is essential in developing the geopolymer’s mechanical strength. A series of epoxy filled with fly ash-based geopolymer materials with different solid to liquid ratio, which is prepared from 0.5 to 2.5 solid to liquid ratio of alkaline activator. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the epoxy filled with fly ash-based geopolymer materials is determined using Universal Testing Machine under tensile and flexural mode. It was found that the optimum solid to liquid ratio is 2.0, with the optimum tensile and flexural strength value. However, both the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy filled with fly ash-based geopolymer suddenly decrease at a 2.5 solid to liquid ratio. The strength is increasing with the increasing solid to liquid ratio sample of geopolymer filler content.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yusrina Mat Daud

1 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Meor Ahmad Faris

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Farah Farhana Zainal

1 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Saloma Hasyim

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Taqiyuddin Lokman

2

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, (UniMAP), 02600 Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatic, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, 02600 Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Sriwijaya University, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Indonesia

The Investigation of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer at High Temperature by Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis

Ikmal Hakem Aziz Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Sorachon Yoriya Rafiza Abd Razak Rosnita Mohamed Madalina Simona Baltatu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 227-231 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137494

Keywords geopolymer ground granulated blast furnace slag electron backscatter diffraction

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Abstract

This paper elucidated the potential of electron backscatter diffraction analysis for ground granulated blast furnace slag geopolymers at 1000°C heating temperature. The specimen was prepared through the mechanical ground with sandpaper and diamond pad before polished with diamond suspension. By using advanced technique electron backscatter diffraction, the microstructure analysis and elemental distribution were mapped. The details on the crystalline minerals, including gehlenite, mayenite, tobermorite and calcite were easily traced. Moreover, the experimental Kikuchi diffraction patterns were utilized to generate a self-consistent reference for the electron backscatter diffraction pattern matching. From the electron backscatter diffraction, the locally varying crystal orientation in slag geopolymers sample of monoclinic crystal observed in hedenbergite, orthorhombic crystal in tobermorite and hexagonal crystal in calcite at 1000°C heating temperature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ikmal Hakem Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sorachon Yoriya

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafiza Abd Razak

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rosnita Mohamed

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Madalina Simona Baltatu

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
National Metal and Material Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114, Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Rd., Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania

Properties and Morphology of Fly Ash Based Alkali Activated Material (AAM) Paste Under Steam Curing Condition

Rafiza Abd Razak Sh. Nur Syamimi Sy. Izman Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Zarina Yahya Alida Abdullah Rosnita Mohamed

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 785-789 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.142462

Keywords Alkali activated material (AAM) geopolymer fly ash steam-cured high-Fe

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Abstract

This paper details the properties, microstructures, and morphologies of the fly ash-based alkali-activated material (AAM), also known as geopolymers, under various steam curing temperatures. The steam curing temperature result in subsequent high strengths relative to average curing temperatures. However, detailed studies involving the use of steam curing for AAM remain scarce. The AAM paste was prepared by mixing fly ash with an alkali activator consisting of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The sample was steam cured at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, and the fresh paste was tested for its setting time. The sample also prepared for compressive strength, density, and water absorption testings. It was observed that the fastest time for the fly ash geopolymer to start hardening was at 80°C at only 10 minutes due to the elevated temperature quickening the hydration of the paste. The compressive strength of the AAM increased with increasing curing time from 3 days to 28 days. The AAM’s highest compressive strength was 61 MPa when the sample was steam cured at 50°C for 28 days. The density of AAM was determined to be ~2122 2187 kg/m3, while its water absorption was ~6.72-8.82%. The phase analyses showed the presence of quartz, srebrodolskite, fayalite, and hematite, which indirectly confirms Fe and Ca’s role in the hydration of AAM. The morphology of AAM steam-cured at 50°C showed small amounts of unreacted fly ash and a denser matrix, which resulted in high compressive strength.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafiza Abd Razak

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sh. Nur Syamimi Sy. Izman

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zarina Yahya

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Alida Abdullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rosnita Mohamed

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer and Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Kangar, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia

Silica Bonding Reaction on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Repair Material System with Incorporation of Various Concrete Substrates

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Heah Cheng Yong Andrei Victor Sandu Loke Siu Peng

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1277-1281 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141052

Keywords fly ash geopolymer repair material concrete substrate interfacial zone transition

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Abstract

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer repair materials mixed using fly ash (FA) and concrete substrates. An optimal combination of FA and concrete substrate was determined using the compressive test of geopolymer mortar mixed with various concrete substrate classes. It was found that the contribution of (C35/45) concrete substrates with the FA geopolymer mortar increases the 28-day bonding strength by 25.74 MPa. The microstructure analysis of the samples using scanning electron microscopy showed the denser structure owing to the availability of high calcium and iron elements distribution. These metal cations (Ca2+ and Fe3+) are available at OPC concrete substrate as a result from the hydration process reacted with alumina-silica sources of FA and formed calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels and Fe-bonding linkages.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Heah Cheng Yong

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrei Victor Sandu

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Loke Siu Peng

1

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Romania

Hierarchical Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotubes by Using Electrospray Deposition Method with Preserved Tensile Properties

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria Hazizan Md Akil Mohd Firdaus Omar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim M. Nabiałek J.J. Wysłocki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1299-1304 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141055

Keywords Hybrid materials carbon nanotubes carbon fiber

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Abstract

In this study, the electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto the surfaces of carbon fibers (CF) in order to produce hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotubes (CF-CNT) which is rarely reported in the past. Extreme high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (XHR-FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse the hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotube (CF-CNT). The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully and homogenously distributed on the CF surface. Hybrid CF-CNT was then prepared and compared with CF without CNT deposition in terms of their tensile properties. Statistically, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the hybrid CF-CNT were increased by up to 3% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the CF without CNT deposition. The results indicated that the ESD method did not cause any reduction of tensile properties of hybrid CF-CNT. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on CF based products.

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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hazizan Md Akil

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Nabiałek

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

J.J. Wysłocki

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech) Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland

Mechanical Properties and Toxicity Characteristic of Petroleum Sludge Incorporated with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Quarry Dust in Solidification/Stabilization Matrices

Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan Aeslina Abdul Kadir Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil Nurul Nabila Huda Hashar Noor Amira Sarani Badaruddin Ibrahim Kahirol Mohd Salleh Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1259-1266 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141050

Keywords petroleum sludge solidification/stabilization palm oil fuel ash quarry dust waste utilization

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aeslina Abdul Kadir

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nurul Nabila Huda Hashar

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Noor Amira Sarani

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Badaruddin Ibrahim

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kahirol Mohd Salleh

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

4 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Malaysia
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Engineering Technology (FETech), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia

Finite Element Analysis on Structural Behaviour of Geopolymer Reinforced Concrete Beam using Johnson-Cook Damage in ABAQUS

Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Kamarudin Hussin Rafiza Abdul Razak Sanusi Hamat Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi Noorfifi Natasha Shahedan Long Yuan Li Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1349-1354 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141061

Keywords fly ash geopolymer geopolymer concrete finite element analysis Johnson cook damage ABAQUS software

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Abstract

This paper details a finite element analysis of the behaviour of Si-Al geopolymer concrete beam reinforced steel bar under an impulsive load and hyper velocity speed up to 1 km/s created by an air blast explosion. The initial torsion stiffness and ultimate torsion strength of the beam increased with increasing compressive strength and decreasing stirrup ratio. The study involves building a finite element model to detail the stress distribution and compute the level of damage, displacement, and cracks development on the geopolymer concrete reinforcement beam. This was done in ABAQUS, where a computational model of the finite element was used to determine the elasticity, plasticity, concrete tension damages, concrete damage plasticity, and the viability of the Johnson-Cook Damage method on the Si-Al geopolymer concrete. The results from the numerical simulation show that an increase in the load magnitude at the midspan of the beam leads to a percentage increase in the ultimate damage of the reinforced geopolymer beams failing in shear plastic deformation. The correlation between the numerical and experimental blasting results confirmed that the damage pattern accurately predicts the response of the steel reinforcement Si-Al geopolymer concrete beams, concluded that decreasing the scaled distance from 0.298 kg/m3 to 0.149 kg/m3 increased the deformation percentage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kamarudin Hussin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafiza Abdul Razak

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sanusi Hamat

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi

4

Noorfifi Natasha Shahedan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Long Yuan Li

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Malaysia
University of Plymouth, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom

Effect of Naoh Molar Concentration on Microstructure and Compressive Strength of Dolomite/Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Emy Aizat Azimi M.A.A. Mohd Salleh Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz Kamarudin Hussin Jitrin Chaiprapa Petrica Vizureanu Sorachon Yoriya Marcin Nabiałek Jerzy J. Wyslocki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 993-998 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139693

Keywords Dolomite/Fly Ash Geopolymer NaOH Concentration Synchrotron Micro-XRF

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Abstract

Dolomite can be used as a source of aluminosilicate to produce geopolymers; however, this approach is limited by its low reactivity. This study analyzes the viability of producing geopolymers using dolomite/fly-ash with sodium silicate and NaOH solutions (at multiple concentrations) by determining the resultant geopolymers’ compressive strengths. The dolomite/fly-ash-based geopolymers at a NaOH concentration of ~22 M resulted in an optimum compressive strength of 46.38 MPa after being cured for 28 days, and the SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the denser surface of the geopolymer matrix. The synchrotron micro-XRF analyses confirmed that the Ca concentration exceeded that of Si and Mg, leading to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate, which strengthens the resulting geopolymers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Emy Aizat Azimi

1

M.A.A. Mohd Salleh

1

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kamarudin Hussin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jitrin Chaiprapa

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Petrica Vizureanu

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sorachon Yoriya

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabiałek

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jerzy J. Wyslocki

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (Unimap), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 Lasi, Romania
National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland

The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to the grain

Nur Liza Rahim Gary Raftery Pierre Quenneville Doh Shu Ing Marcin Nabiałek Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Agata Śliwa

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 37-50 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140628

Keywords stiffness bolt connection timber steel-wood-steel Eurocode 5

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Abstract

In Eurocode 5, the stiffness equation for bolted steel-wood-steel is stated as a function ofwood density and fastener diameter only. In this research, an experimental study on various configurations of tested bolted steel-wood-steel (SWS) connections has been undertaken to predict the initial stiffness of each connection. In order to validate the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation, tests on 50 timber specimens (40 glued laminated timbers and 10 laminated veneer lumbers (LVL)) with steel plates were undertaken. The number of bolts was kept similar and the connector diameter, timber thickness, and wood density were varied. The results obtained in the experimental tests are compared with those obtained from the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation. From the analysis, it is signified that the stiffness equation specified in Eurocode 5 for bolted SWS connections does not adequately predict the initial stiffness. The results from Eurocode 5 stiffness equation are very far from the experimental values. The ratio of stiffness equation to experimental results ranges from 3.48 to 4.20, with the average at 3.77, where the equation overpredicted the experimental stiffness value for the connection. There is a need to consider or incorporated other parameters such as geometric configurations in Eurocode 5 stiffness equation to improve the ratio with the experimental data.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Liza Rahim

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gary Raftery

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pierre Quenneville

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Doh Shu Ing

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabiałek

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya

4 6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim

1 7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

8 6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agata Śliwa

9

e-mail:

ORCID:

University Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
2Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
University of Auckland, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
University Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

The effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of Alkali Activated Steel Slag Mortar

Doh Shu Ing Chia Min Ho Xiaofeng Li Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Siew Choo Chin Nur Liza Rahim Marcin Nabiałek

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 51-61 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140629

Keywords compressive strength flexural strength particle size sodium sulphate steel slag

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Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, abundant industrial waste has resulted in escalating environmental issue. Steel slag is the by-product of steel-making and can be used as cementitious materials in construction. However, the low activity of steel slag limits its utilization. Much investigation has been conducted on steel slag, while only a fraction of the investigation focuses on the effect of steel slag particle size on the properties of mortar. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of steel slag particle size as cement replacement on properties of steel slag mortar activated by sodium sulphate (Na2SO4º. In this study, two types of steel slag, classified as fine steel slag (FSS) with particle sizes of 0.075mm and coarse steel slag (CSS) with particle sizes of 0.150 mm, were used for making alkali activated steel slag (AASS) mortar. Flow table test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and UPV test were carried out by designing and producing AASS mortar cubes of (50 x 50 x 50) mm at 0, 10%, 20% and 30% replacement ratio and at 0.85% addition of Na2SO4. The results show that the AASS mortar with FSS possess a relatively good strength in AASS mortar. AASS mortar with FSS which is relatively finer shows a higher compressive strength than CSS up to 38.0% with replacement ratio from 10% to 30%. This study provided the further investigation on the combined influence of replacement ratio and particle size of SS in the properties of fresh and hardened AASS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing

1

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Chia Min Ho

1

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Xiaofeng Li

1

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Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya

1

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Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

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Siew Choo Chin

1

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Nur Liza Rahim

2

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Marcin Nabiałek

3

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College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

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