This study analyzes and discusses key strategies for digital education. It begins by examining and defining several key concepts, including global citizenship, digital citizenship, computational thinking, informational thinking, and systemic thinking. Moreover it analyzes the role of leadership in the age of digitalization and advocates for panoramic leadership. Then it compares STEM-based education with STEAMbased education extended by panoramic leadership – STEAMPL.

International efforts should be initiated to address the problem of the threatened physician- scientist career path. Comparative study should be undertaken to understand differences amongst countries in terms of the current issues that confront physician-scientists - says Andrew I. Schafer.

The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus LeConte is a quarantine intra-stem pest of sunflower, distributed mainly in the United States, and discovered in the Kherson region of Ukraine in 2020. The objective of this study was to establish a possible distribution zone of this species in Ukraine based on the results of bioclimatic modeling. The model was built by using programs DIVA GIS version 7.5.0 and BIOCLIM, which search for areas that are suitable for a particular organism, through geographic information systems and by comparing the world climate with the climate of areas in which it has already been identified. Analysis of the model shows that in Ukraine the pest can acclimatize in the Kherson region only (zone with up to 2.5% probability). Geographically, the territory is limited to 46−47° of north latitude and to 33−34° of north longitude. It is located on the Black Sea Lowland and covers territory lying no higher than 50 meters above the Black Sea level, whose land- -surface temperature in July averages more than 28°С. The North Crimean Canal and Krasnoznaamyansky Canal pass through the territory, which is limited in the south by Sivash, Karkinitsky Bay and Dzharilgatsky Bay of the Black Sea, in the west − by the Dnipro Delta, and in the north − by Kakhovka Reservoir and Kakhovskiy canal. The analysis of values of climatic predictors for the territories which are suitable for acclimatization of a phytophage demonstrated its high ecological plasticity and potential ability to move not only on coastal territories, but also on territories with a continental climate.

The most crucial transmission components utilized in rotating machinery are gears and bearings. In a gearbox, the bearings support the force acting on the gears. Compound Faults in both the gears and bearings may cause heavy vibration and lead to early failure of components. Despite their importance, these compound faults are rarely studied since the vibration signals of the compound fault system are strongly dominated by noise. This work proposes an intelligent approach to fault identification of a compound gear-bearing system using a novel Bessel kernel-based Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) called the Bessel transform. The Time-frequency images extracted using the Bessel transform are used as an input to the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which classifies the faults. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with a case study, and a testing efficiency of 94% is achieved. Further, the proposed method is compared with the other TFDs and found to be effective.

Balanomorph cirripedes from the Eocene–Oligocene of the Hampshire Basin (United Kingdom) and the Middle Eocene of the Cotentin Peninsula, Manche (France) are described. A new genus, Vectibalanus, is founded, with the type species Balanus unguiformis J. de C. Sowerby, 1846; assigned to this are also Balanus erisma J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 and Vectibalanus mortoni sp. nov. In addition, a new species of Lophobalanus Zullo, 1984, L. fresvillensis sp. nov., is described. This is the first record of that genus from outside the eastern USA and the oldest species known to date. Cladistic analysis of 24 morphological characters suggests that Vectibalanus unguiformis is sister taxon to a group comprising the most derived balanomorph taxa, and thus represents an important transition in the evolution of the group, with the initiation of development of a complex parietal wall structure. Vectibalanus unguiformis was evidently adapted to low salinity habitats (10–30 ppt), and is the oldest known brackish water barnacle. The other species ( V. erisma, V. mortoni sp. nov.) occupied more clearly marine environments (>30 ppt). Balanomorph barnacles appeared simultaneously in the Priabonian (Upper Eocene) of the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards of the USA and northwest Europe, which probably represents a northerly migration from Tethys.

Successions exposed in the Agadir Basin (upper Albian to middle Turonian), in the Anti-Atlas (lower Turonian) in Morocco and in central Tunisia (Cenomanian–Turonian) yield abundant microcrinoids of the family Roveacrinidae, which are described and assigned to 32 species and formae, in ten genera. The following new taxa are described: Fenestracrinus gen. nov. with the type species F. oculifer sp. nov., Discocrinus africanus sp. nov., Styracocrinus rimafera sp. nov., Lebenharticrinus quinvigintensis sp. nov., L. zitti sp. nov., Euglyphocrinus cristagalli sp. nov., E. jacobsae sp. nov., E. truncatus sp. nov., E. worthensis sp. nov., Roveacrinus gladius sp. nov., R. solisoccasum sp. nov. and Drepanocrinus wardorum sp. nov. In addition, the new subfamily Plotocrininae is erected. The stratigraphical distribution of the taxa in two important localities, Taghazout in the Agadir Basin (Morocco) and Sif el Tella, Djebel Mhrila (central Tunisia), is provided. The faunas from the uppermost Albian and lowermost Cenomanian of the Agadir Basin are nearly identical to those recorded from central Texas, USA, some 5,300 km away, and permit a detailed correlation (microcrinoid biozones CeR1 and CeR2) to be established across the southern part of the Western Tethys, independently supported by new ammonite records. For the middle and upper Cenomanian, rather few detailed records of microcrinoids are available elsewhere, and the North African record forms the basis for a new zonation (CeR3–CeR6). The distribution of Turonian Roveacrinidae in North Africa is evidently very similar to that described in the Anglo-Paris Basin, and zones TuR1–3, TuR9, 10 and 14 are recognised for the first time in the Tethys.

New material of Roveacrinidae from the middle–upper Cenomanian Grey Chalk Group of the Kent coast (Folkestone-Dover) is described. The fauna includes 10 taxa, including a new genus and species ( Dubrisicrinus minutus) and three new species ( Styracocrinus shakespearensis, Roveacrinus aboudaensis and Dentatocrinus serratus). The biostratigraphical significance of roveacrinid faunas is placed in a global context, and it is demonstrated that the roveacrinid zone CeR5, previously recorded only from Morocco, is approximately equivalent to the upper middle Cenomanian Acanthoceras jukesbrownei ammonite Zone, and zone CeR6 – to the Calycoceras guerangeri ammonite Zone. The new material also provides novel information on the cup structure of roveacrinids, which is reviewed and placed in a phylogenetic context.

Hass avocado cultivation in Colombia has grown rapidly in area in recent years. It is being planted in marginal areas, which leads to low yields, and in many cases is related to diseases. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) can offer a view of the potential geographic and environmental distribution of diseases, and thus identify areas with suitable or unsuitable conditions for their development. The aim of the study was to assess current and potential distribution of the major diseases on Hass avocado in Colombia. Areas planted with Hass avocado in Antioquia, Colombia were sampled for diseases including the following pathogens: Phytophthora cinnamomi, Verticillium sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phytophthora palmivora, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, Pestalotia sp., and Capnodium sp., and one disorder hypoxia-anoxia. These pathogens were selected based on their relevance (incidence-severity) and capacity to cause damage in different tissues of avocado plants. Severity and incidence of each disease were related to environmental information from vegetation indices and topographic variables using maximum entropy modeling approaches (MaxEnt). Models were calibrated only across areas sampled, and then transferred more broadly to areas currently planted, and to potential zones for planting. Combinations of best performance and low omission rates were the basis for model selection. Results show that Hass avocado has been planted in areas highly conducive for many pathogens, particularly for Phytophthora cinnamomi and hypoxia-anoxia disorder. Ecological niche modeling approaches offer an alternative toolset for planning and making assessments that can be incorporated into disease management plans.

Achieving a reliable fault diagnosis for gears under variable operating conditions is a pressing need of industries to ensure productivity by averting unwanted breakdowns. In the present work, a hybrid approach is proposed by integrating Hu invariant moments and an artificial neural network for explicit extraction and classification of gear faults using time-frequency transforms. The Zhao-Atlas-Marks transform is used to convert the raw vibrations signals from the gears into time-frequency distributions. The proposed method is applied to a single-stage spur gearbox with faults created using electric discharge machining in laboratory conditions. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in classifying the faults in gears with high accuracy.

The uppermost Albian and lowermost Cenomanian succession at Abouda Plage, north of Agadir, in the Agadir Basin, western Morocco, is described in detail, and ammonites, microcrinoids and planktonic foraminifera are recorded and illustrated. The lower part of the Aït Lamine Formation yields ammonites indicative of the Pervinquieria (Subschloenbachia) rostrata and P. (S.) perinflata ammonite zones, and the Thalmanninella appenninica planktonic foraminiferan Zone. The base of the Cenomanian is identified at 42.2 m above the base of the Aït Lamine Formation, based on the lowest occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferan Thalmanninella globotruncanoides Sigal, 1948. Lower Cenomanian ammonites of the Graysonites adkinsi Zone enter 3 m higher in the succession. Microcrinoid zones AlR11 and AlR12 are identified in the Upper Albian, and the base of the CeR1 Zone coincides with the lowest occurrence of Cenomanian ammonites. The ammonite and microcrinoid occurrences and detailed distributions are very similar to those found in north central Texas, which, in the Cenomanian, was 5,300 km to the west. The new records suggest that the G. adkinsi Zone is equivalent to the uppermost (Lower Cenomanian) part of the Pleurohoplites briacensis Zone of the Global Stratotype Section for the base of the Cenomanian stage. An hiatus, of global extent, immediately underlies the base of the G. adkinsi Zone and is represented in the Agadir Basin by an erosion surface containing bored and encrusted hiatus concretions.

The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, ammonite and inoceramid faunas of the Upper Albian, Cenomanian, and Lower Turonian Karai Formation, the highest unit of the Uttatur Group in the Pondicherry Sub-Basin of the Cauvery Basin in Tamil Nadu, south India, are documented. Detailed logs and descriptions of sections between Karai and Kulakkalnattam, Odiyam and Kunnam, and north-west of Garudamangalam are presented. They provide the evidence for an ammonite zonal scheme that can be correlated in detail with sequences developed in Europe, with successive Upper Albian zones of Pervinquieria (Subschloenbachia) rostrata and P. (S.) perinflata (the latter on slight evidence), Cenomanian zones of Mantelliceras mantelli, Cunningtoniceras cunningtoni, Calycoceras (Newboldiceras) asiaticum, Pseudo calycoceras harpax, Euomphaloceras septemseriatum and Pseudspidoceras footeanum. The Lower Turonian is represented by a Neoptychites cephalotus–Mytiloides borkari fauna. Over 120 ammonite species are described, of which Puzosia (Bhimaites) falx, Protacanthoceras parva, Watinoceras elegans, Euomphaloceras varicostatum, Kamerunoceras multinodosum, and Carthaginites multituberculatus are new. The new genus Kunnamiceras, with Ammonites tropicus Kossmat, 1865 as type species, is interpreted as a paedomorphic dwarf derivative of Pseudocalycoceras harpax (Stoliczka, 1864). Ammonite faunas from shales are dominated by feebly-ornamented taxa: leiostraca; those from sandstones by strongly ornamented taxa: trachyostraca, differences interpreted as reflecting the preferred habits of adults in life. 15 species of inoceramid bivalves, including a newly described species Inoceramus chiplonkari, are recognised, with a mixed East African–Euramerican–North Pacific affinity. On the basis of the stratigraphic framework developed, a sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Karai Formation is proposed, and correlated with those recognised in Europe, Morocco, and the United States Gulf Coast and Western Interior.

One of the most critical problems in all practical systems is the presence of uncertainties, internal and external disturbances, as well as disturbing noise, which makes the control of the system a challenging task. Another challenge with the physical systems is the possibility of cyber-attacks that the system’s cyber security against them is a critical issue. The systems related to oil and gas industries may also be subjected to cyber-attacks. The subsets of these industries can be mentioned to the oil and gas transmission industry, where ships have a critical role. This paper uses the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) method to design a robust controller for the ship course system, aiming towards desired trajectory tracking. The proposed controller is robust against all uncertainties, internal and external disturbances, noise, and various possible Deception, Stealth, and Denial-of-Service (DOS) attacks. The robust controller for the ship system is designed using the QFT method and the QFTCT toolbox in MATLAB software. Numerical simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink for two case studies with disturbances and attacks involving intermittent sinusoidal and random behavior to demonstrate the proposed controller.

The stratigraphy of the upper Fredericksburg and lower Washita groups of northern Texas and southern Oklahoma is described, and biostratigraphical correlation within the region, and further afield, using micro­ crinoids, ammonites, planktonic foraminiferans and inoceramid bivalves is summarised. The taxonomy of the roveacrind microcrinoids is revised by the senior author, and a new genus, Peckicrinus, is described, with the type species Poecilocrinus porcatus (Peck, 1943). New species include Roveacrinus proteus sp. nov., R. morganae sp. nov., Plotocrinus reidi sp. nov., Pl. molineuxae sp. nov., Pl. rashallae sp. nov. and Styracocrinus thomasae sp. nov. New formae of the genus Poecilocrinus Peck, 1943 are Po. dispandus forma floriformis nov. and Po. dispandus forma discus nov. New formae of the genus Euglyphocrinus Gale, 2019 are E. pyramidalis (Peck, 1943) forma pyramidalis nov., E. pyramidalis forma radix nov. and E. pyramidalis forma pentaspinus nov. The genera Plotocrinus Peck, 1943, Poecilocrinus and Roveacrinus Douglas, 1908 form a branching phylogenetic lineage extending from the middle Albian into the lower Cenomanian, showing rapid speciation, upon which a new roveacrinid zonation for the middle and upper Albian (zones AlR1–12) is largely based. Outside Texas and Oklahoma, zone AlR1 is recorded from the lower middle Albian of Aube (southeastern France) and zones AlR11–CeR2 from the Agadir Basin in Morocco and central Tunisia. It is likely that the zonation will be widely applicable to the middle and upper Albian and lower Cenomanian successions of many other regions.

The study was conducted at the University of Nebraska Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska in July 2015. Two application volume rates (100 and 200 l · ha−1) and three nozzle types (XR, AIXR, TTI) were selected at two flow rates (0.8 and 1.6 l · min−1) and at a single application speed of 7.7 km · h−1. Each collector type [Mylar washed (MW), Mylar image analysis (MIA), water-sensitive paper (WSP), and Kromekote (KK)] was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each nozzle treatment was replicated twice, providing six cards of each collector type for each nozzle treatment. A water + 0.4% v/v Rhodamine WT spray solution was applied, given the fluorescent and visible qualities of Rhodamine, which allows it to be applied over all the collector types. MW had the highest coverage at 18.3% across nozzle type, followed by WSP at 18%, KK at 12% and lastly by MIA at 4%. MW resulted in a 58% increase in coverage, WSP in a 56% increase, and KK only an increase of 39% when the volume rate was doubled from 100 l · ha−1 to 200 l · ha−1 across nozzle type. MW coverage was similar to KK for half of the nozzles (XR 11002, XR 11004, AIXR 11002). Droplet number density fixed effects were all significant for nozzle type and collector type (p < 0.001) as was the interaction of nozzle type and collector type (p < 0.001). Results from this study suggest a strong correlation to data produced with WSP and MW collectors, as there was full agreement between both types except for the TTI 11004. Using both collector types in the same study would allow for a visual understanding of the distribution of the spray, while also giving an idea of the concentration of that distribution.