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Transient flow simulation, analysis and protection of pipeline systems

Alaa N. El-Hazek Menna F. Ahmed Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 47 | 47-60 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.135031
Keywords air vessel Bentley HAMMER model surge tank unsteady flow vacuum breaker valve water hammer water turbidity
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Abstract

This paper investigated the problems and impacts of transient flow in pipeline systems due to pump power failure. The impact of different protection devices was presented to assure surge protection for the pipeline system. A model via Bent-ley HAMMER V8.0 Edition was employed to analyse and simulate hydraulic transients in the pipeline system, and protec-tion alternatives were studied.

Surge protection included using only an air vessel, using an air vessel and two surge tanks, and employing five air ves-sels and vacuum breaker. The obtained results for pressures, heads, and cavitation along the pipeline system were graph-ically presented for various operating conditions. Using five air vessels with vacuum breaker valve as surge protection proved to be more effective and economical against pump power failure.

Changing the flow density did not have a significant impact on the pressures.

For protection with an air vessel; it was concluded that the value 40% of the original diameter for inlet pipe diameter of air vessel, and the value of 2/3 of original pipe diameter were critical values for the transient pressures. Cast iron pipes proved to be the best pipe material for all studied volumes of the air vessel.

For protection with an air vessel and two surge tanks; as the inlet pipe diameters increased the maximum pressures in-creased and the minimum pressures decreased.

Regression analyses were performed obtaining equations to predict the pressures according to the inlet pipe diameter, the area of surge tank, and the pipe diameter.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alaa N. El-Hazek
Menna F. Ahmed
Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy

Modeling the hydrodynamic interactions between the river morphology and navigation channel operations

Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy Alaa Nabil El-Hazek Hossam Mohamed Elsersawy Ebtesam Rezk Mohammed
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 51 | 1-10 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139008
Keywords adaptive hydraulics (ADH) model draw down navigation channel the Nile River restricted waterway return flow shear stress
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Abstract

The Nile River is the main route for inland navigation in Egypt. The vessels navigating through inland waterways generate complex physical forces that need to be studied extensively. Quantifying the effects of vessels sailing along a waterway is a complex problem because the river flow is unsteady and the river bathymetry is irregular. This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects resulting from the movement of vessels such as return currents around the vessel, the draw down of the water surface, under keel clearance, and the shear stress induced by vessels operating in the Nile River. Modeling such effects has been performed by applied the two-dimensional ADH (adaptive hydraulics) model to a river reach for different navigation channel operation scenarios. The obtained results show that the draw down heights, the water fluctuation, and the shear stress magnitude are larger when the river cross sectionals are narrow and the shallow water depths. These river sections are considered more disposed to bed erosion and it is morphologically unsafe.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest drawdown percentages of 98.3% and 87.3% in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least drawdown percentages of 48.5% and 51.9% in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest fluctuations of 22.0 cm and 41.9 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least fluctuations of 0.6 cm and 1.8 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was the worst section for under keel clearance of 5.0 cm and 33.3 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was the best section, where its clearance values were 183.2 cm and 155.0 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
It is concluded that a numerical model is a valuable tool for predicting and quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of vessels moving through a two-dimensional flow field and can be used to evaluate different scenarios that are difficult to measure in the field or a physical model. Also, it provides visualization products that help us understand the complicated forces produced by vessels moving in a navigation channel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy
1
Alaa Nabil El-Hazek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hossam Mohamed Elsersawy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ebtesam Rezk Mohammed
2
  1. Benha University, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Department of Civil Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
  2. National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute, Fum Ismailiya Canal, P.O. Box 74, Shoubra El-Kheima, 13411, Egypt

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