Abstract
The use of cold forging is a widely used solution in many industries. One application is the manufacture of bolts and fasteners. The largest amounts of bolts are used in the automotive and machine industry. Those customers demand high standards of quality and reliability from producers based on ISO 9001 and IATF 16949. Also, the construction, agriculture and furniture industries are raising their expectations for deliveries from year to year.
Automotive companies issue their standards specifying specific requirements for products. One of these standards is the aviation standard SAE USCAR 8-4; 2019, which speaks of a compatible arrangement of fibers in the bolt head and in the area of transition into the mandrel.
The article presents the cold forging process of flange bolts. Obtaining a compatible, acceptable and incompatible grain flow pattern based of the above mantioned standard was presented. Then the results of FEM simulation were correlated with the performed experiment.
The effect of incompatible grain flow system was discussed and presented as the crack initiating factor due to delta ferrite, hydrogen embrittlement, tempering embrittlement. The reliability of the connections was confirmed in the assembly test for yield stress on a Schatz machine. The advantages of this method and the difference compared to the tensile test were presented.
Go to article
Bibliography
[1] IA TF 16949: 2016 – Automotive Quality Management System Standard.
[2] ISO 9001: 2015 – Systemy zarządzania jakością – Wymagania.
[3] A. Komornicka, M. Sąsiadek, T. Nahirny, Wyzwania przemysłu motoryzacyjnego w świetle wprowadzania standardów IATF 16949:2016, [in:] R. Knosali, Innowacje w Zarządzaniu i Inżynierii Produkcji, Oficyna Wydawnicza Polskiego Towarzystwa Zarządzania Produkcją.
[4] S. Ziółkiewicz, S. Stachowiak, D. Kaczmarczyk, A. Karpiuk, Obróbka Plastyczna Metali 17 (1), 7-13 (2006).
[5] A. Żmudzki, P. Skubisz, J. Sińczak, M. Pietrzyk, Obróbka Plastyczna Metali 17 (3), 9-19 (2006).
[6] N . Biba, S. Stebounov, A. Lishiny, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 113, 34-39 (2001).
[7] M Saad, S. Akhtar, M. Srivastava, J. Chaurasia, Materials Today: Proceedings 5, 19576-19585 (2018).
[8] A . Dubois, L. Lazzarotto, L. Dubar., J. Oudin, Wear 249, 951-961 (2002).
[9] Y . Nugraha, Theory of WireDrawing, Tirtayasa University (2007).
[10] S.Y. Hsia, Y.T. Chou, J.C. Chao, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 8 (3), 1-10 (2016).
[11] R . Bussoloti, L. Albano, L. de Canale, G.E. Totten, Delta Ferrite: Cracking of Steel Fasteners, [in:] R. Colás, G.E. Totten, Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, Five-Volume Set, CRC Press (2006).
[12] D .H. Herring, Indust Heat 73 (16), 9 (2006).
[13] S.V. Brahimi, S. Yue, K.R. Sriraman, Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 375 (2098), (2017).
[14] SAE USCAR 8-4;2019 „Grain Flow Pattern for Bolts, Screws and Studs”.
[15] PN -EN 26157-3. Części złączne – Nieciągłości powierzchni – Śruby, wkręty i śruby dwustronne specjalnego stosowania.
[16] ISO 898-1:2013-06 Własności mechaniczne części złącznych wykonanych ze stali węglowej oraz stopowej – Część 1: Śruby i śruby dwustronne o określonych klasach własności – Gwint zwykły i drobnozwojny.
[17] ISO 16047:2007 Części złączne – Badanie zależności moment obrotowy/siła zacisku.
Go to article
en
pl
