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Number of results: 8
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Abstract

In the present paper changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content were evaluated during composting of sewage sludge stabilized with coal fly ash. The content of PAHs in sewage sludge used for composting was I 0385 μg/kg (±830). In fly ash only three PAHs were determined (phenanthrene - 0.9 μg/kg, anthraccnc - 1.9 μg/kg and chrysenc - 2.7 μg/kg). Addition of fly ash to composted sewagesludge had various - dependent on its share - effect on PAHs mineralization. Relatively best degradation (66.3%) was noted when sewage sludge was mixed with fly ash in amount 20% (w/w). In composted sewage sludge and sludge with 30% addition of fly ash a decrease of PAH content was also observed (38 and 32.4% respectively). Relatively "best" mineralization was noted for 3-ring PAHs. Estimated half-lives of all investigated compounds depended on individual PAHs properties and ranged from 59 to 1164 days.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Stanisław Baran
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Abstract

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons is a serious problem. In the soil in the location of highways, fuel pumping station and airfields high pollutant concentrations are found. The contents of total hydrocarbons (THC) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in the surface (0-20 cm) soil samples from airfields in Dęblin Marked differences in the pollution level of the above areas were noted. The PAH contents ranged from 113 to 5638 μg/kg and THC contents range from 40 to 430 mg/kg. The analysis was carried out by reverse phase HPLC (PAHs) and SOXTEC apparatus according to Polish norm PN-86/C-04573/01.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate the content of 16 PAHs (US EPA list) in plants (com and willow) cultivated in sewage sludge-amended soil. An ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total PAHs content. The solid phase extraction was performed to purify sample extracts. HPLC and UV detection were employed to separate and quantify the studied PAHs. On the basis of the obtained results a bioconcentration factor was calculated. The contents of 16 PAH in plants ranged from 5.83 to 33.8 μg/kg d.m., with a dominant share of low molecular weight PAHs. The application of sewage sludge caused an increase in the PAH content in plants in relation to the dose applied. However, even the highest doses of sewage sludge did not led to the increase of PAI-ls content in plants above the level which may be hazardous for human health. The bioconccntration factors were on the level notted by others authors and ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 for the sum of 16 PAH.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Stanisław Baran
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate bioavailable forms of choosen PAHs in sewage sludgeamended light soil. To estimate amount of bioavailable forms of PAHs the soil has been extracted with 25% tetrahydrofuran solution in water. Ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total content of PAHs. Influence of sludge dose on bioavailable PAHs content has been evaluated. Bioavailability of PAHs has been related to organic matter content in sewage sludge. High correlation between log Kow and level ofbioavailable forms of PAH's in soil has been noticed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

In the presented work, relations between activity of dehydrogenase and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in light soil fertilised with sewage sludge was studied. Sewage sludge was introduced to the soil in the following doses: 30 Mg/ha, 75 Mg/ha, 150 Mg/ha, 300 Mg/ha and 600 Mg/ha. The content of PAI-ls in sewage sludge-amended soil was proportional to sewage sludge dose. Soil fertilisation with sewage sludge stimulated the activity of the dehydrogenase enzymes. With passing of time, a gradual decrease in the activity of dehydrogenase was observed. The coefficients of correlation between activity of the enzyme and PAH content showed that an addition of sewage sludge (with PAI-I content of 5712 μg/kg) had a stimulating effect on dehydrogenase activity in doses of 75 and 150 Mg/ha.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Elżbieta J. Bielińska
Patryk Oleszczuk
Ewa Baranowska
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Abstract

The study was conducted in the area of the impact of sulfur mine in Jeziórko. The aim of the study was to assess changes in pH, cation exchange capacity and content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium after 6 years of conducting remediation. In the experiment (plots with an area of 15 m2) degraded soil was rehabilitating by post-floating lime and compost from sewage sludge, sewage sludge and ash from combined heat and power (CHP). Composts at a dose of dry matter 180 t · ha-1 (6%), were determined in accordance with Minister of the Environment Regulation from 2001, applied the following options: control (only native soil limed), compost from municipal sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost (80%) and ash (20%), compost from sewage sludge (70%) and ash (30%). The reclaimed plots were sown with mixture of rehabilitation grass. Single de-acidification, land fertilization and a further 6-year extensive (without fertilization) use had a different influence on the properties of the native soilless substratum. Irrespective of the reclamation manner, after six years land use in the upper layers, observed increase in the average content of available phosphorus, available potassium content does not changed significantly but recorded a tenfold decrease in the content of available magnesium.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Anna Wójcikowska-Kapusta
Grażyna Żukowska
Marta Bik-Małodzińska
Sylwia Wesołowska-Dobruk
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Abstract

This paper presents the use of multi-criteria analysis as a tool that helps choosing an adequate technology for a household wastewater treatment plant. In the process of selection the criteria of sustainable development were taken into account. Five municipal mechanical-biological treatment plants were chosen for the comparative multi-criteria analysis. Different treatment technologies, such as sand filter, activated sludge, trickling filter, a hybrid system - activated sludge/trickling filter and a hybrid constructed wetland system VF-HF type (vertical and horizontal fl ow) were taken into account. The plants’ capacities were 1 m3∙d-1 (PE=8) and they all meet the environmental regulations. Additionally, a solution with a drainage system was included into the analysis. On the basis of multi-criteria analysis it was found that the preferred wastewater treatment technologies, consistent with the principles of sustainable development, were a sand filter and a hybrid constructed wetland type VF-HF. A drainage system was chosen as the best solution due to the economic criteria, however, taking into consideration the primary (ecological) criterion, employment of such systems on a larger scale disagree with the principles of sustainable development. It was found that activated sludge is the least favourable technology. The analysis showed that this technology is not compatible with the principles of sustainable development, due to a lack of proper technological stability and low reliability.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
Zbigniew Mucha
Agnieszka Generowicz
Stanisław Baran
Jolanta Bielińska
Włodzimierz Wójcik
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Abstract

Sediments of two dam reservoirs in SE Poland, Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) were studied. The sediments from both reservoirs were sampled in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and the frontal dam. The total concentration of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined by ICP-EAS method after the sample digestion in the mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 acids. The statistical analyses: value intervals, mean values, variation coefficient, the median and the skewed distribution were performed. To estimate differences between the means for transects, Tukey’s test was applied with least significant difference (LSD) determination. The maps of the metal spatial distribution were drawn and sediment quality according to the geochemical and ecotoxicological criteria evaluated. Differences between the reservoirs in terms of heavy metals concentration in bottom sediments, and regularities in their spatial distribution were found. In the ZZ sediments the concentration was at the level of geochemical background (Zn, Cr), slightly (Cd, Cu, Ni) or moderately (Pb) contaminated sediments. The metal concentration in the sediments of the BI was up to eight times higher as compared to the ZZ. Moreover, sediments from the BI reservoir showed a greater variability of metal concentration than those from ZZ, which resulted from the dredging operation performed in the part of the reservoir. Metal concentration in sediments of the dredged part was ca. 2–5 times lower than in the undredged one, which indicates that after the dredging operation, accumulation of these metals was slight. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd from the undredged part of BI were at the level of contaminated sediments and exceeded the probable effects level (PEL). In the ZZ, the greatest accumulation of metals occurred in the upper part of the reservoir and at the frontal dam, and the lowest in the middle part of the reservoir. In BI, the lower outflow of water in this reservoir caused a lower metal concentration in the sediments at the frontal dam, as compared with the other sediments in the undredged part of the reservoir. The results indicate that in small and shallow reservoirs, areas of accumulation of heavy metals depend on such factors as a parent river current, reservoir depth, water waving, reservoir shape (narrowing, coves/bays), and type of water outflow.

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Authors and Affiliations

Halina Smal
Sławomir Ligęza
Anna Wójcikowska-Kapusta
Stanisław Baran
Danuta Urban
Radomir Obroślak
Artur Pawłowski

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