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Number of results: 8
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Abstract

The most important feature of bells is their sound. Its clarity and beauty depend, first of all, on the bell’s geometry - particularly the shape

of its profile, but also on the quality of alloy used to its cast. Hence, if the melting and pouring parameters could influence the alloy’s

properties, what influence they would have on the frequencies of bell’s tone. In the article authors present their own approaches to find

answers on that and more questions.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Bartocha
C. Baron
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of simulation of alloy layer formation process on the model casting. The first aim of this study was to

determine the influence of the location of the heat center on alloy layer’s thickness with the use of computer simulation. The second aim of

this study was to predict the thickness of the layer. For changes of technological parameters, the distribution of temperature in the model

casting and temperature changes in the characteristic points of the casting were found for established changes of technological

parameters. Numerical calculations were performed using programs NovaFlow&Solid. The process of obtaining the alloy layer with good

quality and proper thickness depends on: pouring temperature, time of premould hold at the temperature above 1300o

C. The obtained

results of simulation were loaded to authorial program Preforma 1.1 in order to determine the predicted thickness of the alloy casting

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Szajnar
C. Baron
A. Walasek
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Abstract

The most important feature of bells is their sound. Their clarity and beauty depend, first of all, on the bell’s geometry - particularly the shape of its profile and the mechanical properties of alloy. Bells are the castings that work by emitting sound in as-cast state. Therefore all features that are created during melting, pouring, solidification and cooling processes will influence the bell's sound. The mechanical properties of bronze depend on the quality of alloy and microstructure which is created during solidification and depend on its kinetics. Hence, if the solidification parameters influence the alloy’s properties, how could they influence the frequencies of bell`s tone? Taking into account alterable thickness of bell's wall and differences in microstructure, the alloy's properties in bell could be important. In the article authors present the investigations conducted to determine the influence of cooling kinetics on microstructure of bronze with 20 weight % tin contents.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Bartocha
C. Baron
J. Suchoń
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Abstract

Structure, and thus the mechanical properties of steel are primarily a function of chemical composition and the solidification process which can be influenced by the application of the inoculation treatment. This effect depends on the modifier used. The article presents the results of studies designed to assess the effects of structural low alloy steel inoculation by selected modifying additives. The study was performed on nine casts modeled with different inoculants, assessment of the procedure impact was based on the macrostructure of made castings. The ratio of surface area equivalent to the axial zone of the crystals and columnar crystals zone was adopted as a measure of the inoculation effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Szajnar
D. Bartocha
J. Kilarski
J. Suchoń
C. Baron
W. Sebzda
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research conducted in the field of crystallization and microstructure of duplex alloy cast steel GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 grade. The material for research was the above-mentioned cast steel with a chemical composition compliant with the relevant PN-EN 10283 standard, but melted at the lowest standard allowable concentration of alloying additives (some in short supply and expensive), i.e. Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Cu and N. The analysis of the crystallization process was performed based on the DTA (Derivative Thermal Analysis) method for a stepped casting with a thickness of individual steps of 10, 20, 40 and 60 mm. The influence of wall thickness was also taken into account in the cast steel microstructure testing, both in the as-cast state and after solution heat treatment. The phase composition of the cast steel microstructure was determined by using an optical microscope and X-ray phase analysis. The analysis of test results shows that the crystallization of tested cast steel uses the ferritic mechanism, while austenite is formed as a result of solid state transformation. The cast steel under analysis in the as-cast state tends to precipitate the undesirable σ-type Fe-Cr intermetallic phase in the microstructure, regardless of its wall thickness. However, the casting wall thickness in the as-cast state affects the austenite grain size, i.e. the thicker the casting wall, the wider the γ phase grains. The above-mentioned defects of the tested duplex alloy cast steel microstructure can be effectively eliminated by subjecting it to heat treatment of type hyperquenching.
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Bibliography

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[13] Wróbel, T., Jurczyk, P., Baron, C. & Jezierski, J. (2023). Search for the optimal soaking temperature for hyperquenching of the GX2CrNiMoCuN 25-6-3-3 duplex cast steel. International Journal of Metalcasting. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01020-x. (in print).
[14] Głownia, J. & Banaś, J. (1997). Effect of modification and segregation on the delta-ferrite morphology and corrosion resistance of cast duplex steel. Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering. 23(2), 261-267.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Wróbel
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Jurczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
C. Baron
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Nuckowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, Towarowa 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Materials Research Laboratory, Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the test results on the technology of surface hardening of castings from unalloyed and low-alloy nodular cast iron using the method of surface heat treatment, i.e., induction surface hardening and methods of thermochemical treatment, i.e. gas nitriding, nitrocarburizing, and nitrocarburizing with oxidation. The scope of research included macro- and microhardness measurements using Rockwell and Vickers methods, respectively, as well as metallographic microscopic examinations using a light microscope. Furthermore, abrasive wear resistance tests were performed using the pin-on-disk method in the friction pair of nodular cast iron – SiC abrasive paper and the reciprocating method in the friction pair of nodular cast iron – unalloyed steel. Analysis of the test results shows that the size and depth of surface layer hardening strongly depend on the chemical composition of the nodular cast iron, determining its hardenability and its ability to create diffusion layers. Medium induction surface hardening made it possible to strengthen the surface layer of the tested nodular cast irons to the level of 700 HV0.5 with a hardening depth of up to approximately 4000μm, while various variants of thermochemical treatment provided surface hardness of up to 750 HV0.5 with a hardening depth of up to approximately 200μm. Furthermore, induction surface hardening increased the resistance to abrasive wear of nodular cast iron castings, depending on the test method, by an average of 70 and 45%, while thermochemical treatment on average by 15 and 60%.
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Bibliography

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[2] Yang, Z., Ye, S., Wang, Z., Li, Z. & Li. W. (2023). Experimental and simulation study on braking noise characteristics and noise reduction strategies of the friction pair between the SiCp/A356 brake disc and the synthetic pad. Engineering Failure Analysis. 145, 1-20, 107017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.107017.

[3] Wang, K., Zhang, Z., Dandu, R.S.B. & Cai. W. (2023). Understanding tribocorrosion of aluminum at the crystal level. Acta Materialia. 245, 1-13, 118639. DOI:10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118639.

[4] Jakobsen, P.D., Langmaack, L., Dahl, F. & Breivik. T. (2013). Development of the soft ground abrasion tester (SGAT) to predict TBM tool wear, torque and thrust. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 38, 398-408. DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2013.07.021.

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[11] De Stefano, M., Aliberti, S.M. & Ruggiero. A. (2022). (Bio) Tribocorrosion in dental implants: principles and techniques of investigation. Applied Sciences. 12(15), 1-16. DOI:10.3390/app12157421.

[12] Vilhena, L., Ferreira, F., Oliveira, J.C. & Ramalho. A. (2022). Rapid and easy assessment of friction and load-bearing capacity in thin coatings. Electronics. 11(3), 1-19, 296. DOI:10.3390/electronics11030296.

[13] Valigi, M.C., Logozzo, S. & Affatato, S. (2017). New challenges in tribology: wear assessment using 3d optical scanners. Materials. 10(5), 1-13, 548. DOI:10.3390/ma10050548.

[14] Dwulat, R., Janerka, K. & Grzesiak, K. (2021). The influence of final inoculation on the metallurgical quality of nodular cast iron. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(4), 5-14. DOI:10.24425/afe.2021.138673.

[15] Janerka, K., Kostrzewski, Ł., Stawarz, M. & Jezierski. J. (2020). The importance of sic in the process of melting ductile iron with a variable content of charge materials. Materials. 13(5), 1-10, 1231. DOI:10.3390/ma13051231.

[16] Gumienny, G., Kurowska, B. & Fabian. P. (2020). Compacted graphite iron with the addition of Tin. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(3), 15-20. DOI:10.24425/afe.2020.133323.

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[22] Wróbel, T., Studnicki, A., Stawarz, M., Baron, Cz., Jezierski, J., Bartocha, D., Dojka, R., Opiela, J. & Lisiecki, A. (2024). Improving the abrasion resistance of nodular cast iron castings by remelting their surfaces by laser beam. Materials. 17(9), 1-17, 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092095.

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Baron
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Stawarz
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Studnicki
1
J. Jezierski
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Wróbel
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Dojka
2
M. Lenert
1 2
K. Piasecki
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, Towarowa 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Odlewnia RAFAMET Sp. z o.o., ul. Staszica 1, 47-420 Kuźnia Raciborska, Poland

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