In this work a review of investigations concerning interaction of intense extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) pulses with matter is presented. The investigations were performed using laser-produced plasma (LPP) EUV/SXR sources based on a double stream gas puff target. The sources are equipped with dedicated collectors allowing for efficient focusing of the EUV/SXR radiation pulses. Intense radiation in a wide spectral range, as well as a quasi-monochromatic radiation can be produced. In the paper different kinds of LPP EUV/SXR sources developed in the Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology are described.

Radiation intensities delivered by the sources are sufficient for different kinds of interaction experiments including EUV/SXR induced ablation, surface treatment, EUV fluorescence or photoionized plasma creation. A brief review of the main results concerning this kind of experiments performed by author of the paper are presented. However, since the LPP sources cannot compete with large scale X-ray sources like synchrotrons, free electron lasers or high energy density plasma sources, it was indicated that some investigations not requiring extreme irradiation parameters can be performed using the small scale installations. Some results, especially concerning low temperature photoionized plasmas are very unique and could be hardly obtained using the large facilities.

This paper investigates left-dislocated free relatives in Old English. On the theoretical level, it contributes to the ongoing discussion on the syntax of free relatives. It confirms a sharp distinction between wh- free relatives and demonstrative free relatives. The former type favours the Comp analysis, whereas the latter class is amenable to both the Comp and Head analyses. On the empirical level, it provides evidence that the Comp analysis with wh- pronouns is selected mainly on the basis of pied piping/stranding facts, while case marking regulates the choice of an appropriate analysis with demonstrative free relatives with þe. This corpus-based study also offers some quantitative information on the frequent patterns and cases commonly found in them.

The paper describes the research on soft X-ray lasers with an active medium created using a gas puff target irradiated

with high-intensity laser pulses. The gas puff target in a form of an elongated gas sheet is produced by pulsed injection of

gas through a slit nozzle using a high-pressure electromagnetic valve. The method of generation of soft X-ray lasers using a

laser-irradiated gas puff target has been developed at the Institute of Optoelectronics. The collaborative experiments were

performed at various laser laboratories using high-intensity laser systems to irradiate the gas puff target and pump the X-ray

laser active medium. Results of these experiments are presented and discussed. Works aimed at increasing the efficiency of

X-ray lasers using a longitudinally irradiated gas puff target are also reviewed.

Der Autor ist Begründer eines originalen Personalismussystems. In der Abhandlung erklärt er sich für die Verwendung der maximalistischen Philosophie, darunter auch des Personalismus in der systematischen Theologie als Lehre vom Glauben. Er weist weittragende Bedeutung des Personalismus in der Hermeneutik Joh 1, 14 auf und macht einen Entwurf des Personalismus in Neigung zur dogmatischen Theologie, die heutzutage vom Reismus abgehen muss.

In der wissenschaftlichen katholischen Dogmatiktheologie werden vier methodologische Haupttypen angewandt: historischer, positivistischer, systematischer (spekulativer) und personalistischer. Darüber hinaus treten zahlreiche fragmentarische oder reduktionistische Methoden auf: hermeneutische, narrative, kerygmatische, intuitive, linguistische, strukturalistische und andere. Die grundsätzlichen methodologische Typen streben danach, nicht nur die Glaubenssätze, sondern die gesamte religiöse Wirklichkeit zu erfassen.

Professor Piotr Węgleński, who died on January 19, 2024 studied and worked at the University of Warsaw – at the Faculty of Biology and later at the Center for New Technologies. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the vice-rector and later the rector of the University of Warsaw. He was responsible for introducing genetic engineering to Poland. He was a great boss – that is what we always called him – and a great academic teacher and was very active in popularizing science.

The paper proposes an adaptation of mathematical models derived from the theory of deterministic chaos to short-term power forecasts of wind turbines. The operation of wind power plants and the generated power depend mainly on the wind speed at a given location. It is a stochastic process dependent on many factors and very difficult to predict. Classical forecasting models are often unable to find the existing relationships between the factors influencing wind power output. Therefore, we decided to refer to fractal geometry. Two models based on self-similar processes (M-CO) and (M-COP) and the (M-HUR) model were built. The accuracy of these models was compared with other short-term forecasting models. The modified model of power curve adjusted to local conditions (M-PC) and Canonical Distribution of the Vector of Random Variables Model (CDVRM). Examples of applications confirm the valuable properties of the proposed approaches.

We present spectral emission characteristics from laser-plasma EUV/SXR sources produced by irradiation of < 1 J energy laser pulse on eleven different double stream gas puff targets, with most intense electronic transitions identified in the spectral range from 1 nm to 70 nm wavelength which corresponds to photon energy from 18 eV to 1240 eV. The spectra were obtained using grazing incidence and transmission spectro- graphs from laser-produced plasma emission, formed by the interaction of a laser beam with a double stream gas puff target. Laser pulses with a duration of 4 ns and energy of 650 mJ were used for the experiment. We present the results obtained from three different spectrometers in the wavelength ranges of SXR (1–5.5 nm), SXR/EUV (4–15.5 nm), and EUV (10–70 nm). In this paper, detailed information about the source, gas targets under investigation, the experimental setup, spectral measurements and the results are presented and discussed. Such data may be useful for the identification of adequate spectral emissions from gasses in the EUV and SXR wavelength ranges dedicated to various experiments (i.e. broadband emission for the X-ray coherence tomography XCT) or may be used for verification of magnetohydrodynamic plasma codes.

The presence of soft soil of river and organic genesis in the basement of road embankments creates problems related to their high deformability. Difficult to assess water permeability, affecting the course of the consolidation and settlement process, requires field studies, such as dilatometer tests. In engineering practice, there are many factors that can affect the basement consolidation process, but they are not simply applied to theoretical models. In many cases, only the observational method allows the selected computational approach to be applied to a specific engineering problem. For this reason, it is one of the approaches strongly emphasized by Eurocode 7. The article presents an example of the application of a temporary load from heavy construction traffic to the consolidation of soft soil under service roads with verification of the subsoil parameters using the dilatometer tests. A horizontal layer of weak soil, loaded with a vertical external load caused by temporary traffic, was assumed for the calculations. For such an arrangement, the classical solution of uniaxial Terzaghi’s consolidation with the water flow in the vertical direction was applied. A computational analysis of the consolidation time and maximum settlement values was performed.