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Thermodynamic study on complex parts of the sphere and ellipsoid of a nuclear explosive device

Gou Zhenzhi He Bin Yang Guilin

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2016 | No 4 | 89-103 | DOI: 10.1515/aoter-2016-0029

Keywords plutonium component thermodynamic analysis numerical simulation temperature field stress field

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Abstract

Because the heat release of plutonium material, the composite structure is heated and the stress and strain of the composite structure will increase, which will affect the thermodynamic properties of the structure. The thermodynamic analysis of complex structures, which are composed of concentric structures of plutonium, beryllium, tungsten, explosives, and steel, was carried out. The results showed that when the structure is spherical, the temperature is higher than that of the ellipsoid structure. Stress of the elliptical structure is greater than the spherical structure. This study showed that the more flat the shell is, the greater the stress concentration point occurs at the long axis, and the maximum stress occurs at the beryllium layer. These conclusions provide theoretical support for the plutonium composite component testing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gou Zhenzhi

He Bin

Yang Guilin

The Combination of Spectrum Subtraction and Cross-power Spectrum Phase Method for Time Delay Estimation

Feng Bin Xu Lei

Archives of Acoustics | 2020 | vol. 45 | No 3 | 453-458 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2020.134061

Keywords sound source localization time delay estimation generalized cross correlation phase of cross power spectrum spectral subtraction

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Abstract

In order to solve the problem of large error of delay estimation in low SNR environment, a new delay estimation method based on cross power spectral frequency domain weighting and spectrum subtraction is proposed. Through theoretical analysis and MATLAB simulation, among the four common weighting functions, it is proved that the cross-power spectral phase weighting method has a good sharpening effect on the peak value of the cross-correlation function, and it is verified that the improved spectral subtraction method generally has a good noise reduction effect under different SNR environments. Finally, the joint simulation results of the whole algorithm show that the combination of spectrum subtraction and crosspower spectrum phase method can effectively sharpen the peak value of cross-correlation function and improve the accuracy of time delay estimation in the low SNR environment. The results of this paper can provide useful help for sound source localization in complex environments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Feng Bin

Xu Lei

Design of quasi-resonant flyback secondary intrinsically safe power supply

Shengnan Lu Bin Wang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2019 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 5-13 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2019.125976

Keywords intrinsic safety secondary power supply quasi-resonant technology

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Abstract

In order to improve the efficiency and ensure the security of power supply used in a mine, this paper mainly studies the quasi-resonant flyback secondary power supply and analyzes its operational principles based on the requirements of soft-switching technology. In accordance with the maximum energy of a short-circuit and the request of maximum output voltage ripple, this paper calculates the spectrum value of the output filter capacitor and provides its design and procedures to determine the parameters of the main circuit of power supply. The correctness and availability of this theory are eventually validated by experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Shengnan Lu

Bin Wang

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A Review on Aluminium Hybrid Surface Composite Fabrication Using Friction Stir Processing

Namdev A. Patil Srinivasa Rao Pedapati Othman Bin Mamat

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 1 | 441-457 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.131747

Keywords Friction stir processing Aluminium Hybrid Surface Composites mechanical properties Tribological Properties

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Abstract

Nowadays, Aluminium (Al) based hybrid surface composites are amongst the fastest developing advanced materials used for structural applications. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has emerged as a clean and flexible solid-state surface composites fabrication technique. Intensive research in this field resulted in numerous research output; which hinders in finding relevant meta-data for further research with objectivity. In order to facilitate this research need, present article summarizes current state of the art and advances in aluminium based hybrid surface composites fabrication by FSP with in-situ and ex-situ approach. Reported literature were read and systematically categorized to show impacts of different types of reinforcements, deposition techniques, hybrid reinforcement ratio and FSP machine parameters on microstructures, mechanical and tribological characteristics of different Al alloys. Challenges and opportunities in this field have been summarized at the end, which will be beneficial to researchers working on solid state FSP technique.

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Authors and Affiliations

Namdev A. Patil

Srinivasa Rao Pedapati

Othman Bin Mamat

Research on ride comfort performance of a metal tire

Z. Zhenglong S. Bin L. Jiangang D. Zhiguang H. Zhongbo

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2020 | 68 | No. 3 | 491-502 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.133384

Keywords metal tire filtering method ride comfort extended structures

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Abstract

A new type of non-inflatable metal tire is designed to prevent the flat tire caused by puncture and shrapnel penetration, and it can be used on star rovers and military or civilian wheeled vehicles. In order to study vibration damping characteristics of the new wheel, a specimen with the same size as the pneumatic tire (235/70 R16) is made for contrast tests. A filtering method is proposed to reduce impulse and random interference noise in collected vibration signal. Comparative analysis of ride comfort performance is conducted by solving weighted acceleration root mean square (RMS) values. The results show that the filtering method has a good effect, and ride comfort of the metal tire is slightly worse, while it has a better grasping ability. Therefore, some extended structures have been recommended to improve the vibration damping performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Zhenglong

S. Bin

L. Jiangang

D. Zhiguang

H. Zhongbo

Observation and Modelling on the Shipping Noise in Shallow Waters with Complex Islands and Reefs of the East China Sea

Zilong Peng Fulin Zhou Jun Fan Bin Wang Huabing Wen

Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 2 | 301-311 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136584

Keywords shipping noise spectral source level noise mapping shallow water merchant ship

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Abstract

The impact of the noise radiated from merchant ships on marine life has become an active area of research. In this paper, a methodology integrating observation at a single location and modelling the whole noise field in shallow waters is presented. Specifically, underwater radiated noise data of opportunistic merchant ships in the waters of Zhoushan Archipelago were collected at least one day in each month from January 2015 to November 2016. The noise data were analyzed and a modified empirical spectral source level (SSL) model of merchant ships was proposed inspired by the RANDI-3 model (Research Ambient Noise Directionality) methodology. Then combining the modified model with the realistic geoacoustic parameters and AIS data of observed merchant ships, the noise mappings in this area were performed with N×2D of Normal Mode calculations, in which the SSL of each ship was estimated using the modified model. The sound propagation at different receiving positions is different due to the shielding effect of islands and bottom topography. The methodology proposed in this paper may provide a reference for modelling shipping noise in shallow waters with islands and reefs.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zilong Peng

1

Fulin Zhou

2

Jun Fan

2

Bin Wang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Huabing Wen

1

Institute of Noise and Vibration, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

Research on the Performance Optimization of Turbulent Self-Noise Suppression and Sound Transmission of Acoustic Windows Made from Functionally Graded Material

Bing Li Fu-Lin Zhou Jun Fan Bin Wang Li-Wen Tan

Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 4 | 475-495 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146812

Keywords functionally graded material acoustic window turbulent self-noise sound transmission loss optimization

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Authors and Affiliations

Bing Li

1

Fu-Lin Zhou

1

Jun Fan

1

Bin Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Li-Wen Tan

1

Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System, Ministry of Education, P.R. China

The transformation and migration of contaminants during the remediation process of heterogeneous strata by the in-situ thermal conductive heating (TCH) technology: A literature review

Wei Ji Rong-Bing Fu Cai-Hong Gao Jia-Bin Yao

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 94-102 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.144742

Keywords migration transformation soil remediation heterogeneous strata in-situ thermal desorption

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Abstract

There are currently large quantities of heterogeneous contaminated sites and the in-situ thermal conductive heating (TCH) technology have been widely used in soil remediation. Some engineering cases have shown that when soil remediation of heterogeneous sites use TCH technology, the gases carrying contaminants migrate laterally and contaminate clean areas. However, there are relatively few domestic studies on this phenomenon. Some international scholars have confirmed the occurrence of this phenomenon on the laboratory scale, but have not proposed an effective solution to the above scientific question. This study first introduced the heating mechanism and heating process of TCH. Meanwhile, the forms and transformation mechanism of organic contaminants were fully expounded during soil remediation by TCH. In addition, the formation, migration, accumulation, and lateral diffusion of gaseous contaminants were comprehensively reviewed during the in-situ thermal desorption of heterogeneous strata. Finally, arrangement methods of extraction pipes to effectively capture gas are provided for the heterogeneous contaminated soils remediated by TCH. The results of this study will provide theoretical and technical support for in-depth understanding of steam movement in heterogeneous formations and the remediation of heterogeneous contaminated sites by TCH technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wei Ji

1

Rong-Bing Fu

1

Cai-Hong Gao

1

Jia-Bin Yao

1

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaCentre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater,Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Research on Scattering Feature Extraction of Underwater Moving Cluster Targets Based on the Highlight Model

Yang Yang Jun Fan Bin Wang

Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 2 | 235-247 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.145235

Keywords motion small cluster targets feature fusion azimuth trend scale azimuth trend Doppler

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Abstract

In detecting cluster targets in ports or near-shore waters, the echo amplitude is seriously disturbed by interface reverberation, which leads to the distortion of the traditional target intensity characteristics, and the appearance of multiple targets in the same or adjacent beam leads to fuzzy feature recognition. Studying and extracting spatial distribution scale and motion features that reflect the information on cluster targets physics can improve the representation accuracy of cluster target characteristics. Based on the highlight model of target acoustic scattering, the target azimuth tendency is accurately estimated by the splitting beam method to fit the spatial geometric scale formed by multiple highlights. The instantaneous frequencies of highlights are extracted from the time-frequency domain, the Doppler shift of the highlights is calculated, and the motion state of the highlights is estimated. Based on the above processing method, target highlights’ orientation, spatial scale and motion characteristics are fused, and the multiple moving highlights of typical formation distribution in the same beam are accurately identified. The features are applied to processing acoustic scattering data of multiple moving unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) on a lake. The results show that multiple small moving underwater targets can be effectively recognized according to the highlight scattering characteristics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yang Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jun Fan

1

Bin Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Research on magnetic regulation characteristics of axial-radial flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine

Cunxiang Yang Kun Wang Ziyang Liu Bin Xiong Qiang Zhao

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 1 | 75-90 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140198

Keywords ARFTPMSM axial excitation device flux regulation capability HEM

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Abstract

Due to the fixed rotor magnetic field, the main magnetic flux of conventional permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) cannot be flexibly adjusted. Recently, the axial-radial flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine (ARFTPMSM) based on the hybrid excitation concept is proposed, which provides a new method for the speed and magnetic field regulations for PMSMs. To analyze the mechanism of magnetic field variation inside the ARFTPMSM, in this paper, three – dimensional finite element models for electromagnetic field calculation of the ARFTPMSM are established. On this basis, the influence of the axial device on the motor is discussed, and the mechanism of flux regulation is explained. By the quantitative calculation of air-gap flux density and the noload back-electromotive force (EMF), the flux regulation capability of the ARFTPMSM is verified. In addition, the effect of the excitation magnetomotive force on the magnetic field harmonics is analyzed combined with the winding theory, and the influence of the axial magneto-motive force (MMF) on the torque fluctuation is obtained. The flux regulation performance of the motor and the validity of the numerical calculation analysis are verified by the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Cunxiang Yang

1

Kun Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ziyang Liu

1

Bin Xiong

2

Qiang Zhao

3

Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Institute of Electrical Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wolong Electric Nanyang Explosion Protection Group Co., LTD.China

A study on microbial self-healing concrete using expanded perlite

Usama Bin Amjad Muhammad Shahid Siddique Taha Shahid Ahmed Iftikhar Saleh M. Alogla Jawad Ahmad

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 5 | e146475 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.146475

Keywords concrete self-healing bacteria expanded perlite crack detection

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Abstract

The increasing concern for the safety and sustainability of structures is calling for the development of smart self-healing materials and preventive repair methods. This research is carried out to investigate the extent of self-healing in normal-strength concrete by using Sporosarcina aquimarina – NCCP-2716 immobilized in expanded perlite (EP) as the carrier. The efficacy of crack-healing was also tested using two alternative self-healing techniques, i.e. expanded perlite (EP) concrete and direct introduction of bacteria in concrete. A bacterial solution was embedded in EP and calcium lactate pentahydrate was added as the nutrient. Experiments revealed that specimens containing EP-immobilized bacteria had the most effective crack-healing. After 28 days of healing, the values of completely healed crack widths were up to 0.78 mm, which is higher than the 0.5 mm value for specimens with the direct addition of bacteria. The specimen showed a significant self-healing phenomenon caused by substantial calcite precipitation by bacteria. The induced cracks were observed to be repaired autonomously by the calcite produced by the bacteria without any adverse effect on strength. The results of this research could provide a scientific foundation for the use of expanded perlite as a novel microbe carrier and Sporosarcina aquimarina as a potential microbe in bacteria-based self-healing concrete.

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Authors and Affiliations

Usama Bin Amjad

1

Muhammad Shahid Siddique

1

Taha Shahid

1

Ahmed Iftikhar

2

Saleh M. Alogla

3

Jawad Ahmad

1

Department of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, Risalpur, sub-campus of National University of Sciences and Technology,Islamabad, Pakistan
Principal Scientific Officer / Program Leader at Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia

Strain-Hardening Prediction of DP600 Steel Considering the Heterogeneous Deformation Between Ferrite and Martensite

Gou Rui-Bin Dan Wen-Jiao Xu Yong-Sheng Yu Min Li Tong-Jie

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1555-1562 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146222

Keywords Strain-hardening model DP600 GNDs heterogeneous deformation mechanical behaviors

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Abstract

Dual-phase steels have received extensive attention in autobody frame manufacturing due to the resulting characteristics of an interesting combination of ductile ferrite and hard martensite. Moreover, the ductile ferrite and hard martensite lead to heterogeneous deformation in the boundary between the two phases. Then, geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are created to accommodate a lattice mismatch due to the deformation incompatibility of the boundary in straining. In this study, a new empirical GND model is developed, in which the GND density is a function of local plastic deformation; the GND density is distributed in the phase boundary in accordance with an “S” model of material plastic strain. The boundary conditions are applied to define the parameters. The proposed model is verified with DP600 steel. The effects of the GNDs and the width between ferrite and martensite on the strain hardening of DP600 steel are evaluated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gou Rui-Bin

1

Dan Wen-Jiao

1

Xu Yong-Sheng

2

Yu Min

3

Li Tong-Jie

1

Anhui Science and Technology University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
Anhui Science and Technology University, College of Architecture, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China

Overall buckling performance of high strength steel welded I-sections under combined axial compression and bending

Bin Huang Wen-Fu Zhang

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 369-384 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141891

Keywords beam-columns combined axial compression and bending finite element analysis high strength steel overall buckling welded I-sections

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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the high strength steel (HSS) welded Isection overall buckling performance with respect to the major axis under combined axial compression and bending. The validation of FE models compared with the existing test data to verify the appropriateness of the element division and boundary condition was firstly conducted. In line with the FE arrangement verified, separate 890 numerical models, covering a broader range of eight steel grades (460 MPa, 500 MPa, 550 MPa, 620 MPa, 690 MPa, 800 MPa, 890 MPa and 960 MPa), different overall slenderness and various eccentricities were designated. Subsequently, the comparison of the resistance prediction codified design rules in EN1993-1-1, ANSI/AISC 360-10 and GB50017-2017 was preferentially operated, by the instrumentality of the normalized axial compression-bending moment curves. The results graphically revealed that, the provision given in ANSI/AISC 360-10 concerned in the present work was the most loose, whereas, the corresponding content set out in EN1993-1-1 and GB50017-2017 was relatively on the safe side. Taking account of the FE results, the conservative shortcomings of the considered rules in EN1993-1-1 and GB50017-2017 were further highlighted. Especially, the disparity of EN1993-1-1 and numerical results was higher to 27%, from the perspective of a definition given in the present work. In contrast, the provision in ANSI/AISC 360-10 yielded a relatively accurate prediction, on average. Based on the numerical program, an alternative formula for the HSS welded I-section beam-columns with a general expression form was sought, which intimately reflected the effect of overall slenderness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bin Huang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wen-Fu Zhang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 211167 Nanjing, China

Normal Mode Solutions of Target Strengths of Solid-filled Spherical Shells and Discussion of Influence Parameters

Bing Jia Jun Fan Gui-Juan Li Bin Wang Yun-Fei Chen

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 83-93 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146811

Keywords solid-filled spherical shell room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber target strength enhancement

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Abstract

The normal mode solution for the form function and target strength (TS) of a solid-filled spherical shell is derived. The calculation results of the spherical shell’s acoustic TS are in good agreement with the results of the finite element method (FEM). Based on these normal mode solutions, the influences of parameters such as the material, radius, and thickness of the inner and outer shells on the TS of a solid-filled spherical shell are analyzed. An underwater spherical shell scatterer is designed, which uses room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber as a solid filling material and does not contain a suspension structure inside. The scatterer has a good TS enhancement effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bing Jia

1 2

Jun Fan

1

Gui-Juan Li

2

Bin Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yun-Fei Chen

2

Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Science and Technology on Underwater Test and Control Laboratory Dalian, Liaoning, China

Tomato fruit disease detection based on improved single shot detection algorithm

Benedicta Nana Esi Nyarko Wu Bin Zhou Jinzhi Justice Odoom

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2023 | vol. 63 | No 4 | 405-417 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.146877

Keywords convolutional neural network deep learning feature extraction model backbone plant disease detection single shot detector algorithm

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Abstract

The tomato crop is more susceptible to disease than any other vegetable, and it can be infected with over 200 diseases caused by different pathogens worldwide. Tomato plant diseases have become a challenge to food security globally. Currently, diagnosing and preventing tomato plant diseases is a challenge due to the lack of essential methods or tools. The traditional techniques of detecting plant disease are arduous and error-prone. Utilizing precise or automatic detection methods in spotting early plant disease can improve the quality of food production and reduce adverse effects. Deep learning has significantly increased the recognition accuracy of image classification and object detection systems in recent years. In this study, a 15-layer convolutional neural network is proposed as the backbone for single shot detector (SSD) to improve the detection of healthy, and three classes of tomato fruit diseases. The proposed model performance is compared with ResNet-50, AlexNet, VGG 16, and VGG19 as the backbone for Single shot detector. The findings of the experiment showed that the proposed CNN-SDD achieved 98.87% higher detection accuracy, which outperformed state-of-the-art models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Benedicta Nana Esi Nyarko

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wu Bin

1

Zhou Jinzhi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Justice Odoom

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China

Simulation of Dendrite Morphology and Micro-Segregation in U-Nb Alloy During Solidification

Bin Su Jing-Yuan Liu Xiao-Peng Zhang Xue-Wei Yan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1333-1339 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141059

Keywords U-Nb alloys solidification process dendrite growth cellular automaton numerical simulation

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Abstract

Due to the importance of uranium and uranium alloys to national defence and nuclear industrial applications, it is necessary to understand dendrite formation in their solidification structures and to control their microstructures. In this study, a modified cellular automaton model was developed to predict 2-D and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth in U-Nb alloys. The model takes into account solute diffusion, preferential growth orientation, interface curvature, etc., and the solid fraction increment is calculated using the local level rule method. Using this model, 2-D large-scale and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations in the U-5.5Nb alloy were simulated, and the Nb micro-segregation behaviour during solidification was analysed. The simulated results showed reasonable agreement with the as-cast microstructure observed experimentally.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bin Su

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jing-Yuan Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiao-Peng Zhang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xue-Wei Yan

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Materials, Jiangyou, China
Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, School of Aero Engine, Zhengzhou, China

Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of ZnO Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition at Low Temperature

Ji Young Park Ye Bin Weon Myeong Jun Jung Byung Joon Choi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1503-1506 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141082

Keywords Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Atomic layer deposition Low temperature growth Optoelectronic properties

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Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a prominent n-type semiconductor material used in optoelectronic devices owing to the wide bandgap and transparency. The low-temperature growth of ZnO thin films expands diverse applications, such as growth on glass and organic materials, and it is also cost effective. However, the optical and electrical properties of ZnO films grown at low temperatures may be inferior owing to their low crystallinity and impurities. In this study, ZnO thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition on SiO2 and glass substrates in the temperature range of 46-141℃. All films had a hexagonal würtzite structure. The carrier concentration and electrical conductivity were also investigated. The low-temperature grown films showed similar carrier concentration (a few 1019 cm−3 at 141°C), but possessed lower electrical conductivity compared to high-temperature (>200°C) grown films. The optical transmittance of 20 nm thin ZnO film reached approximately 90% under visible light irradiation. Additionally, bandgap energies in the range of 3.23-3.28 eV were determined from the Tauc plot. Overall, the optical properties were comparable to those of ZnO films grown at high temperature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ji Young Park

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ye Bin Weon

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Myeong Jun Jung

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Byung Joon Choi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul, Korea

Gas Atomization Parametric Study on the VIGA-CC Based Synthesis of Titanium Powder

Dae-Kyeom Kim Young Il Kim Hwaseon Lee Young Do Kim Dongju Lee Bin Lee Taek-Soo Kim

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 3 | 997-1000 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133205

Keywords Powder production Gas atomization Titanium Orifice

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Abstract

With the recent advancement in technology for titanium metal powder injection molding and additive manufacturing, high yield and good flowability powder production is needed. In this study, titanium powder was produced through vacuum induction melting gas atomization with a cold crucible, which can yield various alloy compositions without the need for material pretreatment. The gas behavior in the injection section was simulated according to the orifice protrusion length for effective powder production, and powder was prepared based on the simulation results. The gas distribution changes with the orifice protrusion length, which changes the location of the recirculation zone and production yield of the powder. The produced powders had a spherical morphology, and the content of impurities (N, O) changed with the injected-gas purity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dae-Kyeom Kim

Young Il Kim

Hwaseon Lee

Young Do Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dongju Lee

Bin Lee

Taek-Soo Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Regulation and Optimization of Air Quantity in a Mine Ventilation Network with Multiple Fans

Jinmiao Wang Mingtao Jia Lin Bin Liguan Wang Deyun Zhong

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 179-193 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2022.140709

Keywords mine ventilation network path method unidirectional circuit independent path regulation and optimization

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Abstract

The ventilation system in underground mine is an important guarantee for workers’ safety and environmental conditions. As the mining activities continue, the mine ventilation system is constantly changing. Therefore, to ensure ventilation on demand, the mine ventilation network regulation and optimization are very important. In this paper, the path method based on graph theory is studied. However, the existing path algorithms do not meet the needs of actual mine ventilation regulation and optimization. Therefore, in this paper, the path algorithm is optimized and improved from four aspects. First, based on the depth-first search algorithm, the independent path search algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of false paths in the independent path searched when there is a unidirectional circuit in the ventilation network. Secondly, the independent path calculation formula is amended to ensure that the number of the independent path for the ventilation network with a downcast and an upcast shaft, multi-downcast and multi-upcast shaft and unidirectional circuits is calculated accurately. Thirdly, to avoid both an increase in the number of control points in the multi-fan ventilation network and disturbances in the airflow distribution by determining the reference path through all the independent paths, all the independent paths with the shared fan must be identified. Fourthly, The number and the position of the regulators in the ventilation network are determined and optimized, and the final optimization of air quantity regulation for the ventilation network is realized. The case study shows that this algorithm can effectively and accurately realize the regulation of air quantity of a multi-fan mine ventilation network.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Jinmiao Wang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mingtao Jia

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lin Bin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liguan Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Deyun Zhong

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

Comparisons Between 2D and 3D MPFEM Simulations in Modeling Uniaxial High Velocity Compaction Behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V Powder

Jian Zhou Hongkun Xu Chenyu Zhu Bin Wang Kun Liu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 57-65 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137472

Keywords multi-particle finite element method Ti-6Al-4V powder compaction relative green density impact energy per unit mass

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Abstract

Multi-particle finite element method (MPFEM) simulation has been proven an efficient approach to study the densification behaviors during powder compaction. However, comprehensive comparisons between 2D and 3D MPFEM models should be made, in order to clarify which dimensional model produces more accurate prediction on the densification behaviors. In this paper, uniaxial high velocity compaction experiments using Ti-6Al-4V powder were performed under different impact energy per unit mass notated as Em. Both 2D and 3D MPFEM simulations on the powder compaction process were implemented under displacement control mode, in order to distinguish the differences. First, the experimental final green density of the compacts increased from 0.839 to 0.951 when Em was increased from 73.5 J/g to 171.5 J/g. Then detailed comparisons between two models were made with respect to the typical densification behaviors, such as the density-strain and density-pressure relations. It was revealed that densification of 2D MPFEM model could be relatively easier than 3D model for our case. Finally, validated by the experimental results, 3D MPFEM model generated more realistic predictions than 2D model, in terms of the final green density’s dependence on both the true strain and Em. The reasons were briefly explained by the discrepancies in both the particles’ degrees of freedom and the initial packing density.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jian Zhou

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hongkun Xu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Chenyu Zhu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bin Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kun Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hefei University of Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei, 230009, China

Development of Superior Thermal Protective Coating on Carbon Composites

Soo Bin Bae Ji Eun Lee Jong Gyu Paik Nam Choon Cho Hyung Ik Lee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 4 | 1371-1375 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133702

Keywords Composite silicon carbide CVR CVD

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Abstract

A superior SiC based thermal protection coating process for carbon composite, which can be especially effective in a hot oxidizing atmosphere, was established in this study. A multi-coating process based on a combination of Chemical Vapor Reaction (CVR) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) was developed. Various protective coating layers on carbon composite were tested in hot oxidizing surroundings and the test results verified that the thermal ablation rate could be dramatically reduced down to 3.8% when the protective multi-coating was applied. The thermal protection mechanism of the coating layers was also investigated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Soo Bin Bae

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ji Eun Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jong Gyu Paik

Nam Choon Cho

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hyung Ik Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of cement mortar specimen with through-step joints under direct shear

Liangxiao Xiong Haijun Chen Haogang Guo Songhua Mei Zhongyuan Xu Bin Liu

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 45-61 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.143025

Keywords artificial rock specimen ladder step joint rectangular step joint height of step joint shear strength

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Abstract

In this study, direct shear tests were carried out on cement mortar specimens with singleladder, single-rectangular, and double-rectangular step joints. Consequently, the shear strength, and crack shape of specimens with these through-step joints were analyzed, for understanding the influence of the through-step joint’s shape on the direct shear mechanical properties. The results of the investigation are as follows: (1) Under the same normal stress, any increases in the height ℎ of the step joint causes an initial-increase-decrease in the shear strengths of specimens with single-ladder and double-rectangular step joints, causing a type-Wvariation pattern for the specimens with single-rectangular step joint. More essentially, when normal stress and ℎ are constant, the shear strength of specimens with a single-ladder step joint is the greatest, followed by specimens with a double-rectangular step joint, and then specimens with a single-rectangular step joint is the least. (2) Furthermore, given a smallℎ and low normal stress, specimen with a single-ladder step joint mainly experiences shear failure, whereas specimens with single-rectangular and double-rectangular step joints mainly generate extrusion milling in the step joints.

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Authors and Affiliations

Liangxiao Xiong

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Haijun Chen

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Haogang Guo

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Songhua Mei

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zhongyuan Xu

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bin Liu

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydropower Development Key Technology, Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410014, China
Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh 15289, United States
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

The Influence of Short-Term High Temperature Environment on the Non-Uniform Distribution of Ferrite Grain Size in 40 mm-thick Q345 Steel

Hao Xu Rui-Bin Gou Min Yu Wen-Jiao Dan Nian Wang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2024 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 197-208 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2024.147809

Keywords short-term high temperature environment Q345 thick plate microstructure distribution model

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Abstract

In order to reveal the non-uniform distribution of grain size in thick direction for engineering heavy plate, microstructure of 40 mm-thick Q345 steel was observed and measured under different short-term high temperature environments formed by fire. Moreover, the influence of the short-term high temperature environment was revealed on the distribution of ferrite grain size in the Q345 steel. Under different fire service environments, there was a log-normal distribution relationship between the distribution parameter N_f (number of ferrite grains) and d_f (average grain diameter), as well as ρ_Af (area fraction density) and d_f, at different positions along the thickness direction. However, the statistical results are greatly affected by the length of the statistical interval. When df is about 4 to 6 times the length of the statistical interval, the statistical accuracy is higher. By using nonlinear fitting method, multiple non-uniform distribution empirical models including N_f-d_f empirical formulas and ρ_Af-d_f empirical formulas were established at different positions along thick direction under various fire environments. Furthermore, the interrelationships between fire temperature T and N_f , T and ρ_Af , fire duration t and N_f , t and ρ_Af were revealed, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hao Xu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rui-Bin Gou

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Min Yu

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wen-Jiao Dan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nian Wang

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anhui Science and Technology University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China
Anhui Science and Technology University, College of Architecture, Bengbu 233000, China
Bengbu Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Center, Bengbu 233000, China

Simulation Studies on the Influence of Other Combustible Gases on the Characteristics of Methane Explosions at Constant Volume and High Temperature

Zhenmin Luo Litao Liu Shuaishuai Gao Tao Wang Bin Su Lei Wang Yong Yang Xiufang Li

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 2 | 279-295 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2021.137462

Keywords Constant volume Volume fraction of combustible gas Initial temperature adiabatic flame temperature Maximum explosion pressure

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Abstract

Gas explosions are major disasters in coal mining, and they typically cause a large number of deaths, injuries and property losses. An appropriate understanding of the effects of combustible gases on the characteristics of methane explosions is essential to prevent and control methane explosions. FLACS software was used to simulate an explosion of a mixture of CH4 and combustible gases (C2H4, C2H6, H2, and CO) at various mixing concentrations and different temperatures (25, 60, 100, 140 and 180℃). After adding combustible gases to methane at a constant volume and atmospheric pressure, the adiabatic flame temperature linearly increases as the initial temperature increases. Under stoichiometric conditions (9.5% CH4-air mixture), the addition of C2H4 and C2H6 has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane than H2 and CO at different initial temperatures. Under the fuel-lean CH4-air mixture (7% CH4-air mixture) and fuel-rich mixture (11% CH4-air mixture), the addition of H2 and CO has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane. In contrast, the addition of combustible gases negatively affected the maximum explosion pressure of the CH4-air mixture, exhibiting a linearly decreasing trend with increasing initial temperature. As the volume fraction of the mixed gas increases, the adiabatic flame temperature and maximum explosion pressure of the stoichiometric conditions increase. In contrast, under the fuel-rich mixture, the combustible gas slightly lowered the adiabatic flame temperature and the maximum explosion pressure. When the initial temperature was 140℃, the fuel consumption time was approximately 8-10 ms earlier than that at the initial temperature of 25℃. When the volume fraction of the combustible gas was 2.0%, the consumption time of fuel reduced by approximately 10 ms compared with that observed when the volume fraction of flammable gas was 0.4%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhenmin Luo

1 2

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ORCID:

Litao Liu

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shuaishuai Gao

1 2

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ORCID:

Tao Wang

1 2 3

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Bin Su

1 2

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ORCID:

Lei Wang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yong Yang

4 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiufang Li

4

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ORCID:

Xi’an University of Science and Technology, School of Safety Science & Engineering, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Postdoctoral Program, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
Xi’an University of Science and Technology, School of Safety Science & Engineering, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR

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