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Abstract

The paper presents descriptions of bridge disintegration types and contact mass loss in the bridge stage. There is presented Matlab solvers to solve equation describing dynamic changes of temperature in the bridge region. The final result of program calculations is the mass loss and the volume of the metal of contacts which was lost during the bridge stage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Borkowski
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Abstract

This article discusses the most important issues regarding the implementation of digital algorithms for control and drive technology in industrial machines, especially in open mining machines. The article presents the results of tests in which the algorithm and drive control parameter settings were not selected appropriately for voltage-fed induction motors, and where the control speed was not verified by any of the available motoring or simulation methods. We then show how the results can be improved using field-oriented control algorithms and deep parameters analysis for sensorless field-oriented performance.
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Bibliography

[1] Kaczynski P., Czmochowski J., Analysis of causes for cracks in the connection of the swivel drawbar with crawler beam of the feeder vehicle, Mechanical Faculty, Wrocław University of Technology, Mining and Geoengineering, Book 2, no. 33, pp. 169–177 (2009).
[2] Sokolski P., Sokolski M., Evaluation of resistance to catastrophic failures of large-size caterpillar chain links of open-pit mining machinery, Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability 2014, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 80–84 (2014).
[3] Anuszczyk J., Jabłonski M., Modification of the sensorless algorithm for controlling the drives of the tracks of the ZGOT Roller, Mining Institute of the Wrocław University of Technology, no. 112, pp. 69–76 (2005).
[4] Anuszczyk J., Jabłonski M., Research of electromechanical power units of the ZGOT, International Congress of Surface Mining, Bełchatów (2009).
[5] Kanczewski P., Kowalczyk P., ZGOT-15400.120 first Polish 200,000, Scientific work of the Mining Institute PWr. III International Congress of Lignite Mining, Bełchatów, pp. 213–221 (2002).
[6] Jabłonski M., Borkowski P., Replacement of control systems with implementation of digital inverter drive technology in surface mining machines, Conference KOMTECH 2020, to be published.
[7] Paszek W., Dynamic of alternating current electrical machines, Helion, Gliwice (1998).
[8] Pełczewski W., Krynke M., Variable State Method in Drive System Analysis, WNT, Warszawa (1984).
[9] Tunia H., Kazmierkowski M., Automation of converter dries systems, PWN, Warszawa (1987).
[10] Technical documentation, engineering manual and compendium for SIMOVERT MASTERDRIVES, Automation and Drives, Variable-Speed Drive Systems, Erlangen 1999-2012, Siemens AG (2020).
[11] Technical documentation, engineering manual and compendium for SINAMICS drives, Automation and Drives, Variable-Speed Drive Systems, Erlangen 1999-2012, Siemens AG (2020).
[12] Jabłonski M., Analysis of functional parameters and modification of control algorithms of field-oriented inverter drive with induction motor, PhD., Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Computer Science and Automation PŁ, Łódz (2006).
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Jabłoński
1
Piotr Borkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents a new generation of ultra-fast hybrid switching systems (USH) for reliable, ultra-fast protection of various medium and low voltage DC systems (MVDC and LVDC). The DC switch-off takes place in a vacuum chamber (VC) cooperating with a semiconductor module using current commutation of natural or forced type. Against the background of the current state of science and technology, the paper depicts the basic scopes of USH applications and their particular suitability for operation in high magnetic energy DC circuits. In the case of DC system failures, this magnetic energy should be dissipated outside the system as soon as possible. Usually, magnetic blow-out switches (MBOS) with relatively low operating speed are used for this purpose. The article describes the theoretical basis and principles of construction of two types of novel USH systems: a direct current switching system (DCSS) and a direct current ultra-fast hybrid modular switch (DCU-HM). The DCSS family is designed for quench protection of superconducting electromagnets’ coils in all areas of application. The DCU-HM family is designed for the protection of all systems or vehicles of DC electrical traction and for related industrial applications. The conducted comparative analysis of the effectiveness of USH with respect to MBOS shows clear technical advantages of the new generation switching systems over MBOS. List of abbreviations used in the article is provided at the end.
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Bibliography

  1.  A.N. Greenwood, P. Barkan, and W.C. Kracht, “HVDC vacuum circuit breakers”, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst. PAS-91(4), 1575‒1588 (1972).
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  10.  F. Wójcik, “Ultra-fast shutdown of DC power circuits”, Sc. Bull. 1071, TUL, Sc. Papers 396. Habilitation thesis. Lodz, Poland, 2010, [in Polish].
  11.  PN-EN 50123-1. Railway applications. Fixed installations. DC switchgear. General requirements. (PL/EU standard).
  12.  M. Bartosik, R. Lasota, and F. Wójcik, “Direct current-limiting vacuum circuit breaker”, Proc. 12th Symp. “Electrical Phenomena in Vacuum” ZEP-91, Sc. Fasc. Elektryka 39, Tech. Univ. of Poznan, Poland, 1991, pp. 21–24.
  13.  M. Bartosik, R. Lasota, and F. Wójcik, “Arcless D.C. hybrid circuit breaker”, Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Switching Arc Phenomena SAP-97, Lodz, Poland, 1997, pp. 115–119.
  14.  M. Bartosik, R. Lasota, and F. Wójcik, “New type of DC vacuum circuit-breakers for locomotives”, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Switching Arc Phenomena SAP-2000(1), Conf. Mat. Lodz, Poland, 2001, pp. 49–53.
  15.  M. Bartosik, R. Lasota, and F. Wójcik, “Ultra-High-Speed D.C. Hybrid Circuit-Breakers of DCNT Type for Substations of Urban and Mine Traction”, Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. Switching Arc Phenomena, Lodz, Poland, 2005, pp. 360–364.
  16.  M. Bartosik, P. Borkowski, E. Raj, and F. Wójcik, “The New Family of Low-Voltage, Hyper-Speed Arcless, Hybrid, DC Circuit Breakers for Urban Traction Vehicles and Related Industrial Applications”, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 34(1), 251–259 (2019).
  17.  Ch. Peng, A. Huang, I. Husain, B. Lequesne, and R. Briggs, “Drive circuits for ultra-fast and reliable actuation of Thomson coil actuators used in hybrid AC and DC circuit breakers”, IEEE Appl. Power Electronics Conf. and Exp. (APEC), 2016, pp. 2927–2934.
  18.  K. Krasuski, P. Berowski, A. Dzierżyński, A. Hejduk, S. Kozak, and H. Sibilski, “Analysis of arc in a vacuum chamber with an AMF”, Proc. Electrotech. Inst. 269, 91–99 (2015).
  19.  P.G. Slade, The Vacuum Interrupter Theory, Design and Application, CRC Press, 2007.
  20.  “Vacuum interrupters”, Eaton Holec Cath. No. 3.9.1.
  21.  T. Maciołek, M. Lewandowski, A. Szeląg, and M. Steczek, “Influence of contact gaps on the conditions of vehicles supply and wear and tear of catenary wires in a 3 kV DC traction system”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci. 68(4), 759–768 (2020).
  22. [22]  The applicable standards: PN-EN 50121-3-2, PN-EN 50123-1,PN-EN 50123-2, PN EN 50123-5, PN-EN 50124-1, PN-EN 50153, PN-EN 50155, PN-EN 50163, PN-EN 60068-1 (also: 60068-2-1, 60068-2-2, 60068-2-52), PN-EN 60077-1 (also: 60077-2), PN-EN 60077-3, PN- EN 60529, UIC Charter 550/1997.
  23.  M. Bartosik, P. Borkowski, and F. Wójcik, “Ultra-fast hybrid, vacuum-semiconductor switch to reduce the effects of quench in DC-powered superconducting induction circuits with high magnetic energies”, Polish Patent Office, P.429439, (DCSS), granted (2021).
  24.  M. Bartosik, P. Borkowski, A. Jeske, Ł. Nowak, and F. Wójcik, “Ultra-fast DC hybrid circuit breaker designed especially for railway traction”, Polish Patent Office, P.429285, (DCU-HM), granted (2021).
  25.  Ł. Kolimas, S. Łapczynski, M. Szulborski, and M. Świetlik, “Low voltage modular circuit breakers: FEM employment for modelling of arc chambers”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci. 68(1), 61–70 (2020).
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Bartosik
1
Piotr Borkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Franciszek Wójcik
1

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Electrical Apparatus (DEA TUL), 116 Zeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

The article provides an overview of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) solutions for intelligent buildings. A significant topic from the smart cities point of view. That solution could be implemented as one of the human-building interfaces. The authors presented an analysis of the use of BCI in specific building systems. The article presents an analysis of BCI solutions in the context of controlling devices/systems included in the Building Management System (BMS). The Article confirms the possibility of using this method of communication between the user and the building’s central unit. Despite many confirmations of repeatable device inspections, the article presents the challenges faced by the commercialization of the solution in buildings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Kawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Borkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rodak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the development procedures for both virtual 3D-CAD and material models of fractured segments of human spine formulated with the use of computer tomography (CT) and rapid prototyping (RP) technique. The research is a part of the project within the framework of which a database is developed, comprising both 3D-CAD and material models of segments of thoracic-lumbar spine in which one vertebrae is subjected to compressive fracture for a selected type of clinical cases. The project is devoted to relocation and stabilisation procedures of fractured vertebrae made with the use of ligamentotaxis method. The paper presents models developed for five patients and, for comparison purposes, one for a normal spine. The RP material models have been built basing on the corresponding 3D-CAD ones with the use of fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. 3D imaging of spine segments in terms of 3D-CAD and material models allows for the analysis of bone structures, classification of clinical cases and provides the surgeons with the data helpful in choosing the proper way of treatment. The application of the developed models to numerical and experimental simulations of relocation procedure of fractured vertebra is planned.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Dąbrowska-Tkaczyk
Anna Floriańczyk
Roman Grygoruk
Konstanty Skalski
Piotr Borkowski

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