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Baseline study in environmental risk assessment: site-specific model development and application

Asifa Alam Adeel Mahmood M. Nawaz Chaudhry Sajid Rashid Ahmad Noor Ul Safa Huda Ahmed Alghamdi Heba Waheeb Alhamdi Rizwan Ullah
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 80-88 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142692
Keywords baseline study risk assessment models risk management mathematical approaches landfills dumping sites environmental risk estimation
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Abstract

Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i.e., baseline study for waste disposal sites. Even though the literature exists on baseline study in general, still there is a lack of guidance regarding development of a site-specific baseline study model for a waste disposal site. This study has two-fold aim, firstly, how to develop site-specific baseline study model for a selected dumping site, and secondly, how this site-specific baseline study can support the environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. Mahmood Booti Open Dumping Site (MBODS) is selected to demonstrate the development and application of site-specific baseline study model. This is followed by building a framework that shows how the output of the baseline study can lead to environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. The paper provides a mechanism of how to construct a bespoke baseline-study model that is readily useable, avoiding procurement of expensive computer software and yet smoothly connecting with the follow-on stages of the risk assessment. The work presented in this paper can be reproduced repeatedly to create site-specific baseline study models for risk assessment of other waste disposal sites in a cost-effective, consistent and cohesive manner.
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Authors and Affiliations

Asifa Alam
1
Adeel Mahmood
2
M. Nawaz Chaudhry
3
Sajid Rashid Ahmad
1
Noor Ul Safa
2
Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
4
Heba Waheeb Alhamdi
4
Rizwan Ullah
5
  1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
  3. Lahore Schools of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
  4. Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
  5. Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science of Technology (MUST), Mirpur Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Risk factors for outbreaks caused by variant strain of Newcastle disease on environmentally controlled broiler chicken farms in Lahore, Pakistan

R. Maqsood A. Khan M.H. Mushtaq T. Yaqub M.A. Aslam H.B. Rashid S.S. Gill R. Akram A. Rehman M. Chaudhry
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 497-503 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.139974
Keywords Newcastle disease retrospective environmentally controlled house biosecurity vaccine
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Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is a frequently reported disease in poultry among both vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks in Pakistan. During 2011-2012 poultry industry in Punjab, mainly in Lahore region, faced fatal outbreaks of ND caused by a variant strain. An analytical study was conducted during outbreak period in Lahore region. A total of 114 environmentally controlled farms were selected with the help of convenient sampling method. A questionnaire was designed about the potential risk factors associated with the spread of ND outbreak. The bivariate relationships between ND status and independent variables were investigated by applying the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariable logistic model was used to estimate the effect of each studied variable on the outcome by adjusting the other variables in the model. The variables which showed an association with ND outbreaks at commercial poultry farms were improper method for dead birds disposal (OR=4.96; 95% CI 1.63-15.12), use of same feed transporting vehicle at multiple poultry farms (OR=4.92; 95% CI 1.58-15.33), farm to farm distance of less than 1 km (OR=9.32; 95% CI(1.19-73.12), number of sheds at one farm (OR=2.31; 95% CI 0.93-5.69), labor type (OR=2.72; 95% CI 0.83-8.88) and biosecurity (OR= 4.47; 95% CI 0.56-35.66).
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Maqsood
1 2
A. Khan
1
M.H. Mushtaq
1
T. Yaqub
3
M.A. Aslam
4
H.B. Rashid
5
S.S. Gill
1
R. Akram
1
A. Rehman
1
M. Chaudhry
1
  1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan
  2. Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan
  3. Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan
  4. Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan
  5. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan

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