The work concerns numerical – experimental studies on pre- and post-buckling of thin-walled, steel, cylindrical shells, with the open section, subjected to constrained torsion. Two geometrically varied structures are considered: an open section cylindrical shell without stiffeners and one that is reinforced by closed section stringers. The shells have five different length to diameter ratios. Numerical simulations were carried out and the neuralgic zone stress distributions in pre- and post-buckling responses, were determined. Torsion experiments were performed and the results were compared to the numerical conclusions, with reasonably high level of agreement. The exactness of the experiment was proven for selected cases, establishing the basis for FEM numerical model estimation.

One of the common reasons for borrowing is the introduction of new objects or the rise of new cultural, historical, political or social phenomena and the need to name them. The import of loanwords is extremely common in the domain of sports, especially as new disciplines develop, because, as Jarosz (2015) noted, general language is insufficient for dealing with various aspects characteristic of a given discipline, such as actions or equipment. Thus, within sports vocabulary a great deal of newly coined lexemes may be found, which have been categorised by Ożdżyński (1970) as: (i) loanwords, (ii) native neologisms (derivatives and compounds), (iii) semantic neologisms, and (iv) phraseological units.
It is believed that the terminology related to various billiard sports depicts the provenance of the discipline. For instance, a Polish pool-billiard (pocket-billiard) player pots balls into a pocket called łuza, which seems to have been borrowed from French, whereas a Polish snooker player pots balls into a pocket called kieszeń, which is a loan translation from English.
The aim of the article is to investigate the sports vocabulary used by snooker commentators in order to ascertain the kind of terminology that has been adopted by Polish commentators to cover the meanings related to snooker. As this discipline is relatively young, having been popularised in Poland only at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the vocabulary is still developing. Therefore, the choice of spoken language to conduct the analysis gives us a chance to see the most up-to-date state of the lexicon. Attention will be paid to the various types of borrowings in order to see the motivation behind the processes involved in coining particular lexical items. The study has been based on approximately 130 hours of live coverage of the World Snooker Championship 2021.

Wielkie katastrofy naturalne, których byliśmy świadkami w ostatnich latach, takie jak niespotykana sekwencja powodzi na terenie Polski w 2010 r. czy wybuch wulkanu Eyjafjallajokull na Islandii, a także obserwowane zmiany klimatyczne skłaniają do wielowątkowej refleksji nad naszym stanem wiedzy o planecie, na której żyjemy.

The ongoing climate change and major natural disasters we have been witnessing in recent years, such as the unprecedented floods in Poland and the eruption of the Eyjafjallajókull volcano in Iceland in 2010, encourage us to profoundly rethink how well we really understand our own planet.

The International Classification of Function, Health and Disability (ICF) underscores a functional approach to aphasia assessment and therapy. The widespread uptake of the ICF necessitates a reflection whether the existing knowledge base on the Polish language of aphasia will permit speech‑language pathologists in Poland to make a strong contribution to this international trend. Using the PRISMA‑ScR methodology, a scoping review was conducted to describe and summarise the current state of research on the impact of aphasia on the subsystems of the Polish language and its mental processing. The findings indicate that although empirical studies of the Polish language of aphasia have so far addressed all the language subsystems, the level of scientific evidence in this area is low and the resulting knowledge base is incomplete and fragmented. There are significant research gaps, particularly in regard to pragmatics and discourse in aphasia, which need to be filled, so that the new empirical evidence can be used to develop functionally oriented and consequence‑based clinical tools and methods.

There are typically two systems in use for sound reinforcement in open areas: the central, “wall of sound” system with speakers localized at the sides of the stage, and the zone system, in which additional speakers are introduced to obtain a uniform sound pressure level throughout the area of listening. In the past two decades the line array systems gained great popularity. The main purpose of their use is to obtain a uniformly distributed sound level throughout the listening area in order to achieve good speech intelligibility. The present paper aims to present an alternative and original method of sound reinforcement in open areas which is in contrast to the above solutions. This new method allows achieving a uniformly distributed sound pressure and good speech intelligibility in the area of interest, and also allows to gain spatial sound impression that accompanies sound reproduction in concert halls. Another advantage of the proposed system is the reduction of the sound level outside the area of interest, i.e. reduction of the noise level outside the area of listening.

The area of environmental protection concern minimises the impact that technical objects have on the environment. Usually the most effective way of protecting the environment is to influence the source of the problem. For this reason studies are conducted to modify the construction of machines, power machines in particular, so as to minimise their impact on the environment.

In the case of environmental protection from noise it is most convenient to carry out measurements in an anechoic chamber. Unfortunately, this is possible only in very limited circumstances. In all other cases measurements are performed using an engineering method or the survey method, both of which are described in the standards and by taking into account the so-called environmental corrections. The obtained results are burdened with greater error than those of measurements in an anechoic chamber. Therefore, it would seem advantageous to develop a method of obtaining similar and reliable results as those in an anechoic chamber, but in a reverberant field. The authors decided to use numerical modelling for this purpose.

The main objective of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the numerical model of a laboratory designed for acoustic tests of selected power machines. The geometry of a room comprising an area of analysis is easy to design. The main difficulty in modelling the phenomena occurring in the analysed area can be the lack of knowing the boundary conditions. Therefore, the authors made an attempt to analyse the sensitivity of various acoustic parameters in a room in order to change these boundary conditions depending on the sound absorption coefficient