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Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on structure of gelatin gels

L. Kulisiewicz A. Baars A. Delgado
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2007 | vol. 55 | No 2 | 239-244
Keywords high hydrostatic pressure in-situ measurement techniques rheology gelification gelatin molecular structure
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Abstract

The present contribution reports on the rheological investigations concerning influence of high hydrostatic pressure on the molecular structure of gelatin gels. For the purpose of the study, a torsional shear wave rheometer for in-situ investigations of viscoelastic substances under high pressure was developed. Small amplitude vibrations generated by piezoelectric elements are used to determine the storage modulus of the investigated medium. The system is able to stand pressures up to 300 MPa. The experiments have been carried out with household gelatin (0.1 w/w aqueous solution). The gelification curves revealed similar time course. However, the values of G0 obtained for the gels curing 300 minutes under 100 MPa and 200 MPa were observed to be respectively 2.1 and 4 times higher than at ambient conditions. The increased number of triple helix junction zones is hypothesised to be the cause of this phenomenon as a result of reinforcement of the hydrogen bonds due to pressure. An attempt to cognize the characteristic dimensions of the molecular structure based on the theory of rubber elasticity is made.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Kulisiewicz
A. Baars
A. Delgado

Exergetic analysis of the chitosan-based treatment process for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from seawater and sediments

Maileth Cantillo-Figueroa Kariana A. Moreno-Sader Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 48 | 88-93 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.136150
Keywords efficiency Exergy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sensitivity analysis
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Abstract

The Bay of Cartagena (Colombia) is a site of commercial interest owing to its privileged location for maritime opera-tions; however, the discharge of wastewaters from industrial activities and domestic sewage are affecting the water quality, and consequently, the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found in sedi-ments and water of main ports, causing severe damage to the ecosystem. Thus, alternatives for the treatment of the Bay of Cartagena’s water and sediments are needed. In this paper, we performed the exergetic analysis of removing PAHs from water and sediments in the Bay of Cartagena using an adsorption-based treatment process with chitosan microbeads and magnetic nanoparticles (CM-TiO2/Fe3O4). The outcomes of exergy of utilities, irreversibilities and exergy losses were calculated us-ing process data and exergy of substances. The Aspen plus V10 software provided the physical exergies, while chemical exergies were gathered from the literature. Overall exergy efficiency of 0.3% was determined for the seawater and sediment treatment facility. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the impact and viability of different design alternatives.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maileth Cantillo-Figueroa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kariana A. Moreno-Sader
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Ave. del Consulado #Calle 30 No. 48 152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Comparative assessment of Al2O3-modified biomasses from agricultural residues for nickel and cadmium removal

Adriana Herrera-Barros Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 29-34 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137093
Keywords adsorption agricultural residues alumina nanoparticles cellulose heavy metal ions
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Abstract

The biodiversity of aqueous environments has been affected due to the disposal of wastewater highly contaminated with heavy metal ions, causing much damage to ecosystems. These pollutants are very toxic and bioaccumulate in living organisms. This work attempts to evaluate the adsorption of nickel ad cadmium ions using three biomasses from agricultur-al residues (corn cob – CC, orange peel – OP, and oil palm bagasse – PB) modified with alumina nanoparticles. The bio-masses were characterized via compositional analysis and a point of zero charges to quantify the presence of lignin, cellu-lose, hemicellulose, and the feasible pH, taking advantage of the biomass charge. After modification with Al2O3 nanoparti-cles. The resulting adsorbents were characterized via FT-IR analysis to identify the functional groups that most contributed to the adsorption performance. Furthermore, the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles was analysed on the adsorption capacities of the evaluated biomasses using batch systems at a temperature of 25°C and pH 6. All biomasses displayed a high content of cellulose, estimating a weight percentage of about 19.9%, 14.3%, and 13.1% for PB, OP, and CC samples, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, which contribute to enhancing the adsorption capacities of the modified biomasses. Functional adsorption capacity was observed for all biomasses after modification with Al2O3 nanoparticles, achieving at pH 6.0 a cadmium removal from 92% (CC-Al2O3 and PB-Al2O3) up to 95.8±0.3% (OP-Al2O3). In nickel ions, it was estimated a broader adsorption capacity at pH 6.0 of about 86±0.4% after using the CC-Al2O3 sample, 88±0.1% for the PB-Al2O3 adsorbent, and 98±0.2% for the OP-Al2O3 sample, confirming the suitability of these Al2O3-modified biomasses for the removal of heavy metal ions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adriana Herrera-Barros
1
ORCID: ORCID
Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

The kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium study of nickel and lead uptake using corn residues as adsorbent

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 48 | 197-204 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.136162
Keywords adsorption corn wastes heavy metals kinetics thermodynamics
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Abstract

Agricultural residues rich in lignocellulosic biomass are low-cost and sustainable adsorbents widely used in water treatment. In the present research, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium of nickel(II) and lead(II) ion biosorption were studied using a corncob (Zea mays). The experiments were performed in a batch system evaluating the effect of tempera-ture and dose of adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to study the equilibrium. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined using kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich). Biosorbent characteristics were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups are the major contributors to the removal process. Besides, Pb(II) ions form micro-complexes on the surface of the biomaterial while Ni(II) ions form bonds with active centers. It was found that the highest Ni(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.02 g of adsorbent and 70°C, while the highest Pb(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.003 g and 55°C. A maximum Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 3.52 mg∙g–1 (86%) and 13.32 mg∙g–1 (94.3%) for Pb(II) was obtained in 250 and 330 min, respectively. Pseudo-first or-der and pseudo-second order models best fit experimental data, and Langmuir and Freundlich models well describe the iso-therm of the process. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, ΔS0) suggest that the adsorption process of both cations is exothermic, irreversible, and not spontaneous.
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Authors and Affiliations

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ángel Villabona-Ortíz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Prospects for using wastewater from a farm for algae cultivation: The case of Eastern Colombia

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez German Luciano Lopez-Barrera Angel Dario González-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 172-179 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140387
Keywords biological treatment characterisation microalgae monitoring nutrient wastewater
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Abstract

In recent years, the technical and economic feasibility of using microalgae and cyanobacteria has been explored for the removal and exploitation of domestic, agricultural and industrial residual effluents with high C, N and P compounds content. To contribute to the understanding of the process and its technical viability for microalgae growth, the article discusses monitoring, flow determination, and physicochemical characteristics of two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in the east of Colombia, before (R1) and after biological treatment (R2). In general, the results showed the reduction of different parameters, such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, salinity and phosphates after treatment with activated sludge. However, the conductivity value obtained in R1 and R2 showed the presence of a pollutant load. These findings can be attributed to the highest concentration of fats and oils in the water during early hours of the day. Finally, although the concentration of nitrates increased from 46.63 to 225.21 mg∙dm–3 and phosphate decreased slightly from 9.65 to 6.21 mg∙dm–3, no inhibition was generated in the microalgae, as evidenced in the growth of the microalgal biomass in effluents after nitrate and phosphate removal above 80%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez
1
ORCID: ORCID
German Luciano Lopez-Barrera
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario González-Delgado
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
  2. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, 130001, Colombia

Cultivation of Chlorella sp. for biodiesel production using two farming wastewaters in eastern Colombia

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez German Luciano Lopez-Barrera Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 50 | 141-149 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.138169
Keywords biofuel Chlorella lipids microalgae wastewater
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Abstract

The production of biofuels using wastewater as a microalgae culture medium is a little explored technology, but with potential for success. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these technologies and their technical feasibility for microalgae growth, in this work the Chlorella sp. strain was cultivated in two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in eastern Colombia, before and after a biological treatment process. The consumption of the main nutrients that regulate growth and lipid production was evaluated, in order to extract, quantify, characterize and convert them into biodiesel. The results showed that Chlorella sp. growth and lipid production is more favourable in R2 medium of treated water than in R1 medium of raw water, mainly due to phosphorus limitation and higher N-NO3 concentration in R2 compared to R1. In the R2 medium culture, a percentage of 42.54% of long-chain fatty acids was found, which is necessary to obtain a high quality biodiesel. Finally, the best transesterification experiment allowed reaching a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) percentage of 90.1 ± 2.7%. In general, the results demonstrated the potential viability of using the wastewater generated in the San Pablo farm to produce biomass with lipid content to obtain biodiesel, finding that where the concentration of nutrients, mainly nitrogen, has a great influence on the microalgal metabolism for lipid accumulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez
1
ORCID: ORCID
German Luciano Lopez-Barrera
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Francisco de Paula Santander University, Cúcuta, Colombia
  2. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

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